snapp 2 Flashcards
doppler signals are converted to a color scale to represent:
- direction
- velocity
- turbulence
Doppler can only estimate pressure gradient
what do you avoid before a pharmacologic stress test?
- caffeine (chocolate!!!)
2. theophylline
which is the most common birth defect?
VSD
ductus arteriosus connects which two vessels?
- Right pulmonary artery
2. aorta
what is a serious complication of un-repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease?
cerebral absecess
A newborn baby with coarctation of the aorta may be asymptomatic if which of the following is also present?
PDA
women tend to have higher ___ than men
HDL levels
criteria for metabolic syndrome is
- abdominal circumference
- triglycerides > 150
- HDL under 40 for men, 50 for women
- glucose, > 100
- BP > 130/85
need 3/5 to qualify
As triglyceride levels rise in an individual, HDL levels typically:
fall
what is associated with metabolic syndrome?
- increased uric acid levels
- cognitive dysfunction
- polycystic ovarian syndrome
- sleep apnea
all are connected to obesity/diabetes/insulin resistance
Which of the following is a Class I recommendation for reducing the risk factors for recurrent cardiac events (that is, secondary prevention in CAD)?
BP
Which of the following physiologic responses is seen during exercise?
increased Ejection fraction
During exercise, heart rate increases. The faster the heart beats, the shorter the filling time. At first thought, this seems counter-productive. How does the body compensate for decreased filling time and maintain adequate cardiac output?
increased SV
An increase in HR alone would not improve CO. But, during exercise a combo of peripheral vasodialtion, an INCREASE in venous return, and venoconstriction all contribute to an increased SV. So, CO can still increase and deliver adequate blood to peripheral skeletal m.
While exercising, which of the following physiologic changes would be seen in an elite athlete as compared to a sedentary individual?
Athletles gradually increase their SV and continue to do so throughout exercise
There is a redistribution of blood flow during exercise. Which of the following correctly describes the changes in blood flow to the brain?
absolute increase in blood flow
% of CO that is delivered to the brain decreases during exercise, but there is a large enough increase in total CO that the brain gets more blood during exercise
