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Safety > SMS > Flashcards

SMS Flashcards

0
Q

ICAO Safety Definition?

A

State in which the risk of harm to persons or property is reduced to, and maintained below, an acceptable level through a continuous process of hazard identification and risk management.

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1
Q

What is safety?

A

Process of hazard identification and risk management

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2
Q

What were the two goals of original accident investigation?

A
  1. Exclusively identify immediate safety concern.

2. Determine what, who, when, then assign blame and punish

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3
Q

What was the drawback to the outdated accident investigation policy?

A

No in depth analysis of why or how

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4
Q

Quick and dirty root cause analysis?

A

5 Whys

Why, why, why, why, and why

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5
Q

Regarding safety culture, from least to most desirable, what are the three original types of organizations according according to Wesrum?

A
  1. Pathological
  2. Bureaucratic
  3. Generative
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6
Q

What are characteristics of pathological org.?

A
  • Shoot the messenger
  • Hide info.
  • Cover up failure
  • Crush new ideas
  • Shirk responsibility
  • No employee / employer bridging
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7
Q

What are characteristics of a bureaucratic org.?

A
  • Very structured processes
  • Lack of flexibility
  • Excessive paperwork and meetings
  • Sometimes effective
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8
Q

What are characteristics of a generative organization?

A
  • Actively seek info.
  • Shared responsibility
  • Welcome new ideas
  • Continuous eval.
  • Employee / employer bridging rewarded
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9
Q

What is the formal name and characteristics of the James Reason’s “Swiss cheese model”?

A

Organizational Failure Model shows where multiple failures within various levels of an org. align to allow an accident.

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10
Q

The two root causes of an organizational accident are:

A
  1. Corp. safety culture

2. Corp. decision making

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11
Q

The two components of an org. accident are:

A
  1. Active Failures

2. Latent Failures

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12
Q

An active failure has an __________, ___________ effect.

A

immediate, adverse

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13
Q

Latent conditions are ___________ or ____________ which are placed in the system by decisions or actions made some distance from the operation. Further, they may remain ____________ for a long time until a ____________ mechanism breaches a system’s defenses.

A

situations / conditions / dormant / triggering

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14
Q

What are the three factors of a safety issue?

A
  1. Technical Factors
  2. Human Factors
  3. Org. Factors
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15
Q

What are the four pillars of SMS?

A
  1. Safety Policy
  2. Safety Promotion
  3. Safety Risk Mgt.
  4. Safety Assurance
16
Q

In SMS, what is upper management responsible for establishing?

A

The org’s. safety policy

17
Q

What are the three aspects of safety promotion?

A
  1. Comm.
  2. Training
  3. Culture
18
Q

What model describes how a whole operational system interacts, and where a mismatch between two aspects can lead to problems?

A

SCHELLD Model

Note: SWA does not use C.

19
Q

How is each component of the SCHELLD Model described?

A 
S - Software (prcdres of design)
C - Culture (corp / Nat'l interactions)
H - Hardware (eqpmt / tools / tech)
E - Environs in which work performed
L - Liveware - Human aspects of work
L - Liveware - Human work interactions
D - Data from various sources

Note: SWA does not use C.

20
Q

What is the one overarching goal of SMS?

A

Allocate resources against risk.

21
Q

What are some non textbook ways of assessing SMS effectiveness?

A
  • Did SMS feedback cause budgeted money to be spent differently than planned?

Audit Questions:

  1. What is the likely cause of your next serious incident or accident?
  2. How do you know that?
  3. What are you doing about that?
  4. Is it working?
22
Q

Define “just culture”

A

Atmosphere in which people are encouraged, even rewarded, for providing essential safety related information, but in which there are clear lines drawn between acceptable and unacceptable behavior such as willful or gross negligence.

23
Q

Safety Risk Mgmt processes must be retained for how long?

A

As long as relevant to the operation.

24
Q

Safety Assurance records must be retained a minimum of how long?

A

5 years

25
Q

Are individual SMS training records required?

If so, for how long must they be retained?

A

Yes

For as long as the person is employed by certificate holder.

26
Q

How long must a record of all safety communication be retained?

A

A minimum of 24 consecutive calendar months.

27
Q

Regarding safety cultures, the evolutionary model developed in cooperation with Westrum, is made up of what five levels (include brief descriptions)? Scale progresses through increasing trust and informed levels.

A

Pathological - who cares as long as we’re not caught!

Reactive - safety’s important; we do a lot every time we have an accident

Calculative - we have systems in place to manage all hazards

Proactive - we work on the problems we still find

Generative - safety is how we do business round here!

28
Q

Define Safety Risk Mgmt.

A

Decision-making process for identifying hazards and mitigating risk

29
Q

Define Safety Policy.

A

Where upper mgmt sets objectives/standards, assigns responsibilities, and how commitment to safety performance conveyed to employees.

30
Q

Define Safety Assurance

A

Provides necessary processes to give confidence that your system is meeting your org’ safety objectives and that your risk controls (mitigations) developed under SRM are working.

31
Q

Safety promotion consists of?

A

Ensures employees have a solid foundation regarding safety responsibilities, org. policies/expectations, reporting policies, and risk controls

32
Q

Describe the level of mgmt that conducts the SRM process.

A

Operational mgrs that understand the operation and have authority to make risk decisions related to aviation safety.

33
Q

The five steps to the SRM process consist of:

A
  1. System Description (analysis)
  2. Hazard Identification
  3. Risk Analysis (potential outcome)
  4. Risk Assessment (matrix that combines likely worst outcome with probability)
  5. Risk Control
34
Q

Safety Assurance processes consist of:

A
  1. System Ops/Monitoring
  2. Data Acquisition & Process
  3. Data Analysis
  4. System Assessment
  5. Preventive/Corrective Action
35
Q

Safety Risk Mgmt (SRM) processes are conducted when:

  1. 2.
    3.
A
  1. Implementing or revising systems
  2. Developing or revising operational procedures
  3. ID of new hazards or ineffective risk controls
36
Q

As a component of the Certificate Holder Evaluation Program (CHEP), SAS is replacing the Air Transportation Oversight System (ATOS). SAS stands for _______ _______ ________.

A

Safety Assurance System

Note: Found in FSIM Manual 8900.1, Volume 10.

37
Q

The six SAS Safety Attributes that are incumbent on the Operator in meeting regulatory obligations are:

A
  1. Responsibility
  2. Authority
  3. Procedures
  4. Controls
  5. Process Measures
  6. Interfaces

(RAPCPI)

38
Q

The acronym “TEAM” refers to what four broad categories of controls that may be applied to risk?

A

Transfer
Eliminate
Accept
Mitigate

Safety (3 decks)

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