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HDSO Muscular System > Smooth And Cardiac Muscle > Flashcards

Smooth And Cardiac Muscle Flashcards

1
Q
  • Small and spindle shaped
  • One nucleus per cell
  • Less actin and myosin
  • Myofilaments are not organized into sacromeres
A

Smooth muscle

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2
Q

Resulting periodic spontaneous contraction of smooth muscle

A

Autorhythmicity

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3
Q

Specialized cell to cell contact that allow action potentials to spread

A

Gap junctions

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4
Q
  • Long and striated and branching
  • one nucleus per cell
  • myofilaments are organized into sacromere
A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

Smooth muscle is under _____ control. While skeletal muscle is under ______ control. Cardiac muscle is under _______ control.

A

Involuntary

Voluntary

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6
Q

It can stimulate smooth muscle to contract.

A

Hormones

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle contraction is ________.

A

Autorhythmic

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8
Q

Type of muscle that exhibits limited anaerobic respiration instead it continues to contract at a level that can be sustained by aerobic respiration and consequently does not fatigue.

A

Cardiac muscle

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one another by specialized structures that include desmosomes and gap junctions called

A

Intercalated disks

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10
Q

Allows action potentials to be conducted directly from cell to cell

A

Intercalated disks

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle is under involuntary control and is influenced by hormones called

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

Muscle is connected to the bone by a

A

Tendon

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13
Q

Are broad, sheetlike tendon

A

Aponueroses

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14
Q

A band of connective tissue that holds down the tendons at each wrist and ankle

A

Retinaculum

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15
Q

Causes most body movements by pulling one of the bones toward the other across the movable joint

A

Muscle contraction

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16
Q

2 points of attachment of each muscle

A

Origin

Insertion

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17
Q

Is the most stationary, or fixed, end of the muscle

A

Origin

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18
Q

Is the end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement.

A

Insertion

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19
Q

The part of the muscle between the origin and insertion is the ____

A

Belly

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20
Q

Each origin is called a what ?

A

Head

21
Q

Members of a group of muscles working together to produce a movement are called ?

A

Synergists

22
Q

Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is called the ?

A

Prime mover

23
Q

Are muscles that hold one bone in place relative to the body

A

Fixators

24
Q

The name of a specific muscle is based on at least seven characteristics:

A 
Location
Size
Shape
Orientation of fascicles
Origin and insertion
Number of heads
Function
25
Q

Important components of verbal communication

A

Facial expressions

26
Q

Raises the eyebrows

A

Occipitofrontalis

27
Q

Are around the eyes. These muscles tightly close the eyelids and causes wrinkle in the skin at the corners of the eyes

A

Orbicularis occuli

28
Q

Is around the mouth

A

Orbicularis oris

29
Q

Walls of the cheeks sometimes called kissing muscles cause they pucker the mouth

A

Buccinator

30
Q

Smiling is accomplished by _____ muscles which elevate the upper lip and corner of the mouth.

A

Zygomaticus muscles

31
Q

Sneering is accomplished by ________ because the muscle elevates one side of the upper lip.

A

Levator Labii Superioris

32
Q

Frowning and pouting are largely performed by the __________, which depresses the corner of the mouth.

A

Depressor Anguli Oris

33
Q

The four pairs of muscles for chewing, or ______, are some of the most strongest muscles in the body.

A

Mastication

34
Q

Muscles that can be easily seen and felt on the side of the head during mastication.

A

Temporalis and Masseter

35
Q

The _______ muscles, consisting of two pairs, are deep to the mandible.

A

Pterygoid

36
Q

Is very important in mastication and speech

A

Tongue

37
Q

The tongue consists of a mass of _________, which are located within the tongue and change its shape.

A

Intrinsic muscles

38
Q

Located outside the tongue but are attached to and move the tongue.

A

Extrinsic muscles

39
Q

Are divided into a suprahyoid bone group and an infrahyoid group.

A

Hyoid muscles

40
Q

Elevates the pharnyx

A

Pharyngeal elevators

41
Q

Constrict the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal constrictors

42
Q

Originate on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies

A

Neck flexors

43
Q

Originate on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies

A

Neck extensors

44
Q

Prime mover of the lateral muscle group

Can be easily seen on the anterior and lateral sides of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

45
Q

Contraction of only one sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Rotates the head

46
Q

Contraction of both sternocleidomastoid muscles

A

Flex or extend the head and neck

47
Q

Wry neck, may result from injury to one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles

A

Torticollis

48
Q

3 major types of muscles

A

Skeletal
Muscle
Smooth

HDSO Muscular System (12 decks)

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