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Sociology & Psychology > Smoking Cessation > Flashcards

Smoking Cessation Flashcards

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1
Q

3 main diseases caused by smoking

A

Lung cancer
Coronary heart disease
COPD

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2
Q

Smoking facts and figures

A

Largest preventable cause of death and illness in industrial world

100,000 smokers in UK die form smoking-related causes

Main reason for life expectancy gap between rich and poor

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3
Q

What percentage of men and women smoke?

2019

A

16% men

13% women

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4
Q

Most common age of onset for heavy smoking?

A

13-14y

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5
Q

Common characteristics of smoking uptake

A 
Peer influences 
Role models
Personal characteristics (anti-social, depression, genetics)
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6
Q

Criteria for tobacco use disorder/dependence

A

Must have 2 of the following over 12 months:

Extended or higher level of use than intended
Unsuccessful efforts to quit or reduce
Inordinate amount of time acquiring /using
Tolerance for nicotine
Withdrawal syndrome/cravings
Failure to attend to responsibilities
Prioritise smoking over social, occupational or recreational activities
Use despite knowing harmful/social effects
Ise despite awareness of physical or psychological problems attributed to smoking
Smoking in hazardous situations

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7
Q

Operant conditioning and smoking: positive reinforcement

A

Puff on cigarette

REWARD: nicotine induced dopamine release

More puffs on cigarette

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8
Q

Operant conditioning and smoking: negative reinforcement

A

PUNISHMENT: withdrawal discomfort

Puff on cigarette

Negative reinforcement: withdrawal relief

More puffs

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9
Q

Classical conditioning and smoking

A

Desire to smoke is similar/greater than the cravings found with other drugs

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10
Q

Define ‘tobacco withdrawal’

When does this occur most strongly?

A

Transient or permanent physical and mental changes following temporary or long-term smoking cessation

Occur most strongly within the first 3-4weeks of abstinence

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11
Q

Tobacco withdrawal symptoms

A 
Irritability/aggression
Depression
Restlessness
Poor concentration
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Sleep disturbance
Urge to smoke
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12
Q

Physiological changes on smoking cessation

A 
Drop in heart rate 
Decreased adrenaline 
Decreased cortisol 
Tremor 
Decreased resting metabolic rate 
Decreased salivary IgA 
Decreased caffeine metabolism
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13
Q

Health effects of smoking cessation

A 
Constipation
Cold symptoms
Mouth ulcers
Reduced insulin resistance
Reduced hospital admissions
Weight gain
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14
Q

Smoking cessation methods

A 
UK legislation
NHS Stop Smoking services
Opportunistic advice
Behavioural support 
Nicotine replacement therapy 
Bupropion
Varenicline 
E-cigarettes
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15
Q

How does UK legislation help with smoking cessation?

A

Illegal to sell tobacco to <18s
Illegal to smoke in enclosed public places and workplaces
All tobacco advertising and promotion are banned

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16
Q

How do NHS Stop Smoking services help with smoking cessation?

A

Over 5 million smokers have attempted to quit with NHS support

17
Q

How does opportunistic advice help with smoking cessation?

A

Advice from physicians (increase cessation by 1-3%)

18
Q

How does behavioural support help with smoking cessation?

A

One-to-one or group therapy with medication
7 weekly sessions up to 4weeks after quit day, monitor CO
Has thought to increase rates by 7%

19
Q

How does nicotine replacement therapy help with smoking cessation?

A

7 products are free on prescription
Patches, gum, inhaler, lozenges, nasal/mouth spray
Use to start on quit day
Advocate cutting down cigarette number whilst using NRT
Overall increase quitting by 8%
Advised to combine products
Less evidence for pregnant smokers, adolescents and people with smoking-related diseases

20
Q

How does bupropion help with smoking cessation?

A

Free on prescription
Anti-depressant that reduces withdrawal cravings
Start taking 1-2w before quitting

21
Q

How does varenicline help with smoking cessation?

A

A nicotine receptor partial agonist
Maintains dopamine levels to counteract withdrawal
Start taking 1-2w before quitting
Works by reducing smoking satisfaction

22
Q

How do e-cigarettes help with smoking cessation?

A

In 2018, 3.2 million users in the UK, mostly ex-smokers

The most popular cessation aid use

23
Q

Why do people continue to smoke?

A

Dependence

Withdrawal symptoms

24
Q

Main benefits of quitting smoking

A

Reduction in risk of MI

Reduction in risk of lung cancer

Sociology & Psychology (11 decks)

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