Smoking Cessation Flashcards
1
Q
How is tobacco controlled in Scotland?
A
- legislative and fiscal measures
- age of purchase is 18 years
- ban on sale of 10 cigarettes
- plain packaging of tobacco
- sale of tobacco not visible
2
Q
What are the different ways in which advice on quitting smoking can be delivered?
A
- very brief advice
- opportunistic
- around 1 minute
- brief advise
- can include 3/5As model
- engaging in a more detailed conversation
- 3-10 minutes
- detailed advice
- specialist areas rather than GDP
- multiple sessions
- up to 30 minutes
3
Q
What is the 3As model of delivering advice on quitting smoking?
A
- Ask
- about smoking
- Advise
- about smoking
- Act
- offer individualised help
- refer to local stop smoking services if appropriate
4
Q
What is the 5As model of delivering advice on quitting smoking?
A
- Ask
- Advise
- Assess
- Assist
- Arrange follow up
5
Q
What questions should be included in a smoking history
A
- number of cigarettes smoked a day
- number of years smoking
- age when started smoking
- what products used
- have they tried to quit before
- how many times have they tried to quit
- what helped them in their last attempt to quit
- are they interested in trying to stop now
- would they be interested in further help and support
6
Q
What are pack years?
A
- measurement of lifetime exposure
- important for perio and potentially malignant lesions
- 1 pack year = 1 pack (20) a day
7
Q
What does referral to smoking cessation services involve?
A
- referral to pharmacy services
- greater reach
- more accessible
- referral to specialist services
- Quit Your Way (Scotland)
- greater success
- electronic referral
8
Q
What are the oral side effects of tobacco?
A
- cancer cancer
- head and neck
- oral
- kidney
- bladder
- pancreatic
- testicular
- cervical
- stomach
- lung
- periodontal disease
- gingivitis
- increased risk for dental treatments
- implants
- increased failure rate - extractions
- longer healing
- implants
- staining of teeth, restorations and dentures
- halitosis
- nicotinic stomatitis
- smokers palate
- smokers melanosis
- pigmentation
- black hairy tongue
- stroke
- emphysema
- COPD
- heart disease
- narrowed, blocked arteries
9
Q
Why is the floor of the mouth a high risk place for oral cancer in smokers?
A
- tobacco components pool in floor of the mouth
- increased exposure
10
Q
What is the link between smoking and periodontal disease?
A
- increased rates of alveolar bone loss, attachment loss and pocket formation
- smoking masks gingival symptoms of inflammation
- bleeding
- treatment less successful in smokers
11
Q
What are the possible withdrawal effects of quitting smoking?
A
- nicotine cravings
- sweating
- nausea
- headaches
- coughing
- sore throat
- insomnia
- difficulty concentrating
- anxiety
- irritability
- depression
- weight gain
- tingling in hands and feet
- increase in aphthous mouth ulcers
12
Q
Why do people smoke?
A
- enjoyment
- weight
- cigarettes act as appetite suppressant
- concentration
- boredom
- social
- stress relief
- avoid discomfort from withdrawal symptoms
13
Q
What is nicotine?
A
- addictive element in tobacco and e-cigarettes
- harmful as causes addiction
- no negative effect on health
14
Q
What is smokeless tobacco?
A
- variation in administration and components
- snus, skoal bandits
- banned in UK, possession not illegal - placed under lip
- can cause recession
- snus, skoal bandits
- higher negative side effects
- TSNA (tobacco specific nitrosamines) higher
15
Q
What is shisha?
A
- scented tobacco crumbles into bole and steam filtered through
- 45 mins of use equivalent to 10 cigarettes
- double carbon monoxide
- triple nicotine
- other health risks
- TB
- hepatitis A
- helicobacter pylori
- pulmonary aspergillosis
16
Q
What pharmacotherapy is available for smocking cessation?
A
- nicotine replacement therapy
- patches
- gum
- inhalers
- nasal spray
- lozenges
- microtabs
- oral strips
- medications
- varenicline
- bupropion
- e-cigarettes
17
Q
How successful is nicotine replacement therapy and what are the potential side effects?
A
- increases likelihood of successful quit attempt
- all forms, no difference
- personal preference
- should only be used for 2-3 months to avoid addiction
- no benefit after 8 weeks
- side effects depend on type
- skin irritation
- patch - oral irritation
- gum/tabs
- skin irritation
18
Q
What are e-cigarettes?
A
- ex-smokers and smokers
- not non-smokers
- banned for under 18s
- composed of:
- mouthpiece
- battery
- cartridge
- atomiser
- current passes through resistance coil in contact with fluid
- heat generates aerosol
- some evidence can aid quitting
- less toxic alternative to cigarette smoking
- E liquids carefully controlled
- long term risk unknown
- respiratory symptoms
19
Q
What is vaping?
A
- inhalation and exhalation of water vapor produced by device
- e-liquid in aerosol form
20
Q
What does the liquid used for vaping contain?
A
- propylene glycol (PG)
- flavour
- vegetable glycerine (VG)
- appearance
- natural/artificial flavourings
- nicotine
- variable level
- 12-18mg for heavy smoker
- <6mg for light smoker
- variable level
21
Q
What is second hand smoke?
A
- smoke that non-smokers are exposed to
- mainstream smoke
- exhaled by smoker - sidestream smoke
- wafts off end of lit cigarette
- majority of secondhand smoke
- contains more carcinogens
- mainstream smoke
- third hand smoke
- carcinogen laden residue build up on surfaces
22
Q
What are the oral side effects of e-cigarettes?
A
- mouth and throat dryness
- oral cancer
- periodontal disease
- benign mucosal lesions
- lichenoid eruptions
23
Q
What is contained in cigarettes?
A
- tobacco
- nicotine
- carbon monoxide
- tar
- arsenic
- cyanide
- ammonia
- acetone
- benzene
- formaldehyde
