Smoking Flashcards
How many deaths by smoking
45,000 premature deaths per year in Canada
On average the years taken off by gender from smoking
female - 6.5
male - 9
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
Gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, location
what age for both genders most are smokers
20-34 years
which province smokes the most
sask
Quitting smoking
70% want to quit, 45% try to quit
But…
50-75% relapse 1st week, 80-90% after 3 months
Several attempts before success: 30+ for many
15 year timeline of when a smoker quits
20min - heart rate and blood pressure drops back to normal levels
12 hours - carbon monoxide in blood drops to normal
2 weeks - circulation and lung function improve
1-9 weeks - coughing and shortness of breath becomes less pronounced, the cilila work normally again to clean the lungs to reduce the risk of infection
1 year - risk of cornary hear disease is half as high as a smokers
5 years - the risk of contracting mouth throat esophagus and bladder cancers are cut in half so as cervical cancer and stroke fall.
10 years - risk of lung cancer is half, and pancreatic and larynx cancer decreases
15 years - the risk of heart disease is equivalent to non-smokers risk
Where in caada is smoking banned and at what age
All provinces/territories ban the sale of tobacco to anyone < 18 years old, most <19
because majory of teens who smoke are teenagers (12 years)
not many adults start smoking.
Why smoke??-addiction
Nicotine Addiction (physiological)
Rapid action, both stimulant + sedative properties
Criteria for substance dependence:
Loss of control: Desire to quit, relapse, scheduling
Tolerance + Withdrawal: 1 cigarette vs. chain smoking
why smoke? - social
Associated habits, activities, situations: Secondary Reinforcers
why smoke - genetic factors
Initiation + development of nicotine dependence
Health Hazards of Smoking
100s of toxic substances:
Carcinogens: Benzo(a)pyrene, Urethane
Poisons: arsenic, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Additives for taste/effect: Sugars ( acetaldehyde), bronchodilators, ammonia
Short-Term Effects of smoking
Symptoms of mild nicotine poisoning
Stimulates brain, adrenal glands
Inhibits urine formation
Constricted blood vessels, increased HR + BP
Depressed hunger, dulled taste buds
Long-Term deseases from smoking
Atherosclerosis: Fatty plaques form on inner wall of heart arteries, causing them to narrow & stiffen
Smoking & ETS permanently accelerates rate of plaque formation
Angina: heart muscle doesn’t receive enough O2
Myocardial Infarction
Smokers death rate 70% higher vs. non-smokers
Long-Term cancer from smoking
Primary cause of lung cancer (85%)
Benzo(a)pyrene causes genetic mutations
2 packs/day = up to 25x rate of non-smokers
1 yr smoke free: risk reduced substantially
10 yrs: risk 50% lower vs. continuing smokers
Other cancers? Trachea, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, breast, cervix, stomach, colon, skin….
