Smoking Flashcards
How many deaths by smoking
45,000 premature deaths per year in Canada
On average the years taken off by gender from smoking
female - 6.5
male - 9
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
Gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, location
what age for both genders most are smokers
20-34 years
which province smokes the most
sask
Quitting smoking
70% want to quit, 45% try to quit
But…
50-75% relapse 1st week, 80-90% after 3 months
Several attempts before success: 30+ for many
15 year timeline of when a smoker quits
20min - heart rate and blood pressure drops back to normal levels
12 hours - carbon monoxide in blood drops to normal
2 weeks - circulation and lung function improve
1-9 weeks - coughing and shortness of breath becomes less pronounced, the cilila work normally again to clean the lungs to reduce the risk of infection
1 year - risk of cornary hear disease is half as high as a smokers
5 years - the risk of contracting mouth throat esophagus and bladder cancers are cut in half so as cervical cancer and stroke fall.
10 years - risk of lung cancer is half, and pancreatic and larynx cancer decreases
15 years - the risk of heart disease is equivalent to non-smokers risk
Where in caada is smoking banned and at what age
All provinces/territories ban the sale of tobacco to anyone < 18 years old, most <19
because majory of teens who smoke are teenagers (12 years)
not many adults start smoking.
Why smoke??-addiction
Nicotine Addiction (physiological)
Rapid action, both stimulant + sedative properties
Criteria for substance dependence:
Loss of control: Desire to quit, relapse, scheduling
Tolerance + Withdrawal: 1 cigarette vs. chain smoking
why smoke? - social
Associated habits, activities, situations: Secondary Reinforcers
why smoke - genetic factors
Initiation + development of nicotine dependence
Health Hazards of Smoking
100s of toxic substances:
Carcinogens: Benzo(a)pyrene, Urethane
Poisons: arsenic, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Additives for taste/effect: Sugars ( acetaldehyde), bronchodilators, ammonia
Short-Term Effects of smoking
Symptoms of mild nicotine poisoning
Stimulates brain, adrenal glands
Inhibits urine formation
Constricted blood vessels, increased HR + BP
Depressed hunger, dulled taste buds
Long-Term deseases from smoking
Atherosclerosis: Fatty plaques form on inner wall of heart arteries, causing them to narrow & stiffen
Smoking & ETS permanently accelerates rate of plaque formation
Angina: heart muscle doesn’t receive enough O2
Myocardial Infarction
Smokers death rate 70% higher vs. non-smokers
Long-Term cancer from smoking
Primary cause of lung cancer (85%)
Benzo(a)pyrene causes genetic mutations
2 packs/day = up to 25x rate of non-smokers
1 yr smoke free: risk reduced substantially
10 yrs: risk 50% lower vs. continuing smokers
Other cancers? Trachea, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, breast, cervix, stomach, colon, skin….
Long-Term effects on lungs from smoking
Stressed lungs must work harder
Permanent damage COPD (80-90%)
4th leading cause of death in Canada
Progressive & disabling: Includes Emphysema + chronic bronchitis (90%)
18x more likely to die from these dx vs. non-smokers
ETS
“Class A carcinogen” (e.g. Asbestos)
Mainstream smoke vs. Sidestream smoke (85%)
Unfiltered = 2x the tar + nicotine, 3x the benzo(a)pyrene, 3x the CO, 3x the ammonia…
Increased risk of atherosclerosis, asthma, breast & cervical cancers
Changes in bloodstream: just 3 hrs in smoke-filled room
Coronary artery function reduced to same level as smokers after just 30 min!
CO lingers in bloodstream for 5 hrs…
Children expurse to ETS
1.6 million Canadian children < 12 are exposed
SIDS
Measurable blood levels of nicotine + carcinogens
Breast feeding
Bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory infections, asthma, ear infections
Lower academic scores: Reading, reasoning
Later life increased risk for lung cancer, COPD
Smoking & Pregnancy
5% of pregnant women in Canada
2x the risk of miscarriage
Premature delivery, problems with placenta, low birth weight, higher rates of physical malformations & genetic damage
Obesity, hyperactivity, short attention span, behavioural problems, lower scores on spelling & reading, memory & IQ
What is the cost?
24 Billion
Canada at forefront of anti-smoking legislation
Public spaces/workplaces: 2001 to 2008, ongoing
Advertising bans
Tobacco companies have been successfully sued
What is the single best thing you can do to quit smoking? Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z16vhtjWKL0
Why do young people start smoking?
peer pressure
poor academic standings
lose weight
stress
coping
smoking in movies
