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Fall 2020, Introduction to Politics > Smith vs Marx and political ideologies > Flashcards

Smith vs Marx and political ideologies Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the 2 men who created important political and economical ideas and ideologies?

A

Adam Smith and Karl Marx

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2
Q

When was Smith active/living?

A

1723 - 1790 or 18th century

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3
Q

Smith believes that work =

A

the direct product of wealth

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4
Q

Who believes between Smith and Marx that people get what they deserve?

A

Smith

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5
Q

What is the economic theory of Smith and explain it briefly?

A

Economic theory of Laissez-Faire

Against govt intervention, because regulations only interfere with production.

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6
Q

What are the regulations that the government can put that would interfere with the production (Smith)?

A

Quota, limits, taxes

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7
Q

Smith believes that a _________ economy is the best.

A

Free trade

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8
Q

What concept of Smith can be described as: when you try to force it with regulations, you make it worst?

A

Invisible hand

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9
Q

What are the 3 natural laws (Smith) that he used to create his economic theory?

A

1- Law of Self Interest
2- Law of competition
3- Law of Supply and Demand

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10
Q

Explain Smith’s first natural law, the law of self interest.

A

He agrees with Hobbes, people only work for themselves. Therefore, we can give them incentives (wages) so they create more wealth.

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11
Q

Explain Smith’s second natural Law, the law of competition.

A

We are competitive beings. This helps us want to be better at what we do and therefore we are more productive.

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12
Q

Explain Smith’s thirs natural Law, the law of supply and demand.

A

Prices should be regulated by supply and demand, not the government.

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13
Q

What are the 3 roles of government for smith?

A

1- Protecting from violence and foreign invasions
2- Protecting every member from injustice and opression
3- Building and maintaining public works and institutions if in the interest of everyone - not just a few

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14
Q

What is Smith’s view on the poor?

A

it’s on them, it is because they did not work hard enough, but we should still care about them.

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15
Q

Why does Smith’s believes we should care about the poor?

A

1- State doesnt create as much wealth when people arent working
2- People commit more crime when dont have money

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16
Q

What does Smith believes we should do about the poor?

A

Everybody should give to charity.

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17
Q

Karl Marx believes that most of history is a series of conflic caused by what?

A

Class Struggle

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18
Q

When Marx talks about class struggle, he means between ___ and _____

A

people who have and people who dont

owner and worker

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19
Q

Marx believes that the class struggle conflicts will only end when…

A

there’s no class anymore

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20
Q

What are the 3 points of the mean of production for Marx?

A

1- What is produced
2- how is it exchanged (who gets the goods or the $ of the goods)
3- How is it produced (who owns and who produces)

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21
Q

Marx believes that wealth =

that wealth is a consequence of….

A

ownsership

the work of others

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22
Q

what does ownsership creates? Hierarchy

A

divion of labour, and classes

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23
Q

What is the issue with social classes?

A

antgonistic classes, the have divergent interests and will never get along

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24
Q

What is Alienation’s definiton? What does it mean for Marx?

A

is being foreign or having something kept from us, it is how capitalism is oppressiong the workers

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25
Q

What are the 4 points of Alienation of Marx?

A

1- Alienation from the means of production
(workers own nothing where they work)
2- Alien from product of your labour
(Even if doing the best work, you dont make more money)
3- Alien from value of my labour and myself
(even if you put everything you can into you work, it isnt reflecting who you are - makes you replaceable)
4- alien from others
(always competing to get jobs, creates the army of the unemployed)

26
Q

What are Marx’s 3 points to describe the workers?

A

1- dont work for themselves
2- dont belong to themselves
3- they represent most of the population

27
Q

What is Marx’s view of the poor? 2

A

Unless they beg, they do not get help

poor are poor because the rich are rich

28
Q

What was Marx’s idea on the way to change things?

A

Revolution

29
Q

Explain how Marx believed that this change would happen and where is the revolution is placed in it?

A 
1- feudalism
2- capitalism
3- REVOLUTION
4- Socialism
5- Communism
30
Q

To whay political idea(s) private property aplies?

A

feudalism and capitalism

31
Q

To whay political idea(s) public property aplies?

A

socialism and communism

32
Q

To whay political idea(s) governement, money, taxes and classes applies?

A

feudalism, capitalism and socialism

33
Q

To whay political idea(s) the survival of the fittest applies?

A

feudalism and capitalism

34
Q

To whay political idea(s) could we attribute welfare state?

A

socialism

35
Q

To whay political idea(s) could we attribute post scarcity economy?

A

communism

36
Q

Was the idea of equality always around?

A

no, it is a modern idea

37
Q

why is equal rights and opportunites not achieved yet?

A

1- not always applied
2- Hard to achieve
3- income inequalities are extrem

38
Q

what are the 3 main forms of equality? describe each

A

equality of rights: legal and political
equality of opportunity: equal chance to get ahead in life
equality of outcome: reduce/eliminate differences in distribution of wealth, income, power and other goods

39
Q

Why is the equality of outcome hard to achieve?

A

systemic differences

40
Q

What is group equality? How can it be achieved (example)?

A

seeking the equality for a group that shares common characteristcs. Can be achieved through governmental actions such as employement equity

41
Q

Explain how the concept of the right and the left was installed.

A

French assembly after the french revolution. Supporter of the monarchy sat on the right of the room and those opposed sat on the left.

42
Q

In what year was the french assembly after the french revolution?

A

1789

43
Q

On a linear spectrum, where would be democracy and authoritarian regimes?

A

democracy in the middle, athoritarian on both sides

44
Q

On a linear economic spectrum, how would we call the extrem right and left?

A

Right: corporate state
Left: planned economy

45
Q

What is valued the most in liberalism? Explain from what it emerged?

A

values individual freedom

developped from arbritary power, restrictions on business, lack of religious and political freedom.

46
Q

What is the liberal view of government?

A

believe that there should be one, but afraid abuse of power.

47
Q

On whose idea is classical liberalism? From that explain view of role of government.

A

John Locke’s idea.

governement should only have power to protect people’s freedom: protection of life, liberty and property.

48
Q

Name the two points of reform liberalism (or welfare liberalism)

A

Values individual freedom and governement should removes obstacles in individuals development.

49
Q

Name examples of what a reform liberalist government would do to take away obstacles?

A

measure unemployment, indurance, old ag, pensions, health care, subsidized education

50
Q

What are the 3 things valued by conservatists?

A

order, tradition, stability

51
Q

What is conservatist view on human? What pinciple emerges from that?

A

humans are naturally imperfect, therefore should have intense law enforcement.

52
Q

What are the views of conservatists when it come to individual freedom?

A

they are less concerned by rights of individuals

53
Q

What used to be associated with conservatism, what are they associated with now?

A

aristocracy, now fee-market economy

54
Q

From what did socialism emerged?

A

from the harshness of the capitalist system

55
Q

What is the socialist view of humans?

A

humans are social beings and value cooperative and community

56
Q

From what emerged Marxism? What is it criticising? What is the idea of government?

A

From Karl Marx and Frederique Engels
critics the capitalist production system
workers will control the state after the revolution

57
Q

Explain in two simple points communism.

A

1- no private ownership, only communal ownership

2- everyone takes what they need from society

58
Q

Explain what is democratic socialism.

A

1- believes that only democratic methods should be used to work towards socialist system
2- Favors public ownership in some industries

59
Q

What is Anarchism?

A

State is the source of opression, we should replace the state with a cooperatio or a communal society

60
Q

What is fashism?

A

agressive form of nationalism. Believes that inequalities are natural

Fall 2020, Introduction to Politics (5 decks)

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