Smith vs Marx and political ideologies

Question 1

Who are the 2 men who created important political and economical ideas and ideologies?

Answer 1

Adam Smith and Karl Marx

Question 2

When was Smith active/living?

Answer 2

1723 - 1790 or 18th century

Question 3

Smith believes that work =

Answer 3

the direct product of wealth

Question 4

Who believes between Smith and Marx that people get what they deserve?

Answer 4

Smith

Question 5

What is the economic theory of Smith and explain it briefly?

Answer 5

Economic theory of Laissez-Faire

Against govt intervention, because regulations only interfere with production.

Question 6

What are the regulations that the government can put that would interfere with the production (Smith)?

Answer 6

Quota, limits, taxes

Question 7

Smith believes that a _________ economy is the best.

Answer 7

Free trade

Question 8

What concept of Smith can be described as: when you try to force it with regulations, you make it worst?

Answer 8

Invisible hand

Question 9

What are the 3 natural laws (Smith) that he used to create his economic theory?

Answer 9

1- Law of Self Interest
2- Law of competition
3- Law of Supply and Demand

Question 10

Explain Smith’s first natural law, the law of self interest.

Answer 10

He agrees with Hobbes, people only work for themselves. Therefore, we can give them incentives (wages) so they create more wealth.

Question 11

Explain Smith’s second natural Law, the law of competition.

Answer 11

We are competitive beings. This helps us want to be better at what we do and therefore we are more productive.

Question 12

Explain Smith’s thirs natural Law, the law of supply and demand.

Answer 12

Prices should be regulated by supply and demand, not the government.

Question 13

What are the 3 roles of government for smith?

Answer 13

1- Protecting from violence and foreign invasions
2- Protecting every member from injustice and opression
3- Building and maintaining public works and institutions if in the interest of everyone - not just a few

Question 14

What is Smith’s view on the poor?

Answer 14

it’s on them, it is because they did not work hard enough, but we should still care about them.

Question 15

Why does Smith’s believes we should care about the poor?

Answer 15

1- State doesnt create as much wealth when people arent working
2- People commit more crime when dont have money

Question 16

What does Smith believes we should do about the poor?

Answer 16

Everybody should give to charity.

Question 17

Karl Marx believes that most of history is a series of conflic caused by what?

Answer 17

Class Struggle

Question 18

When Marx talks about class struggle, he means between ___ and _____

Answer 18

people who have and people who dont

owner and worker

Question 19

Marx believes that the class struggle conflicts will only end when…

Answer 19

there’s no class anymore

Question 20

What are the 3 points of the mean of production for Marx?

Answer 20

1- What is produced
2- how is it exchanged (who gets the goods or the $ of the goods)
3- How is it produced (who owns and who produces)

Question 21

Marx believes that wealth =

that wealth is a consequence of….

Answer 21

ownsership

the work of others

Question 22

what does ownsership creates? Hierarchy

Answer 22

divion of labour, and classes

Question 23

What is the issue with social classes?

Answer 23

antgonistic classes, the have divergent interests and will never get along

Question 24

What is Alienation’s definiton? What does it mean for Marx?

Answer 24

is being foreign or having something kept from us, it is how capitalism is oppressiong the workers

Question 25

What are the 4 points of Alienation of Marx?

Answer 25

1- Alienation from the means of production (workers own nothing where they work) 2- Alien from product of your labour (Even if doing the best work, you dont make more money) 3- Alien from value of my labour and myself (even if you put everything you can into you work, it isnt reflecting who you are - makes you replaceable) 4- alien from others (always competing to get jobs, creates the army of the unemployed)

Question 26

What are Marx's 3 points to describe the workers?

Answer 26

1- dont work for themselves 2- dont belong to themselves 3- they represent most of the population

Question 27

What is Marx's view of the poor? 2

Answer 27

Unless they beg, they do not get help | poor are poor because the rich are rich

Question 28

What was Marx's idea on the way to change things?

Answer 28

Revolution

Question 29

Explain how Marx believed that this change would happen and where is the revolution is placed in it?

Answer 29

``` 1- feudalism 2- capitalism 3- REVOLUTION 4- Socialism 5- Communism ```

Question 30

To whay political idea(s) private property aplies?

Answer 30

feudalism and capitalism

Question 31

To whay political idea(s) public property aplies?

Answer 31

socialism and communism

Question 32

To whay political idea(s) governement, money, taxes and classes applies?

Answer 32

feudalism, capitalism and socialism

Question 33

To whay political idea(s) the survival of the fittest applies?

Answer 33

feudalism and capitalism

Question 34

To whay political idea(s) could we attribute welfare state?

Answer 34

socialism

Question 35

To whay political idea(s) could we attribute post scarcity economy?

Answer 35

communism

Question 36

Was the idea of equality always around?

Answer 36

no, it is a modern idea

Question 37

why is equal rights and opportunites not achieved yet?

Answer 37

1- not always applied 2- Hard to achieve 3- income inequalities are extrem

Question 38

what are the 3 main forms of equality? describe each

Answer 38

equality of rights: legal and political equality of opportunity: equal chance to get ahead in life equality of outcome: reduce/eliminate differences in distribution of wealth, income, power and other goods

Question 39

Why is the equality of outcome hard to achieve?

Answer 39

systemic differences

Question 40

What is group equality? How can it be achieved (example)?

Answer 40

seeking the equality for a group that shares common characteristcs. Can be achieved through governmental actions such as employement equity

Question 41

Explain how the concept of the right and the left was installed.

Answer 41

French assembly after the french revolution. Supporter of the monarchy sat on the right of the room and those opposed sat on the left.

Question 42

In what year was the french assembly after the french revolution?

Answer 42

1789

Question 43

On a linear spectrum, where would be democracy and authoritarian regimes?

Answer 43

democracy in the middle, athoritarian on both sides

Question 44

On a linear economic spectrum, how would we call the extrem right and left?

Answer 44

Right: corporate state Left: planned economy

Question 45

What is valued the most in liberalism? Explain from what it emerged?

Answer 45

values individual freedom | developped from arbritary power, restrictions on business, lack of religious and political freedom.

Question 46

What is the liberal view of government?

Answer 46

believe that there should be one, but afraid abuse of power.

Question 47

On whose idea is classical liberalism? From that explain view of role of government.

Answer 47

John Locke's idea. | governement should only have power to protect people's freedom: protection of life, liberty and property.

Question 48

Name the two points of reform liberalism (or welfare liberalism)

Answer 48

Values individual freedom and governement should removes obstacles in individuals development.

Question 49

Name examples of what a reform liberalist government would do to take away obstacles?

Answer 49

measure unemployment, indurance, old ag, pensions, health care, subsidized education

Question 50

What are the 3 things valued by conservatists?

Answer 50

order, tradition, stability

Question 51

What is conservatist view on human? What pinciple emerges from that?

Answer 51

humans are naturally imperfect, therefore should have intense law enforcement.

Question 52

What are the views of conservatists when it come to individual freedom?

Answer 52

they are less concerned by rights of individuals

Question 53

What used to be associated with conservatism, what are they associated with now?

Answer 53

aristocracy, now fee-market economy

Question 54

From what did socialism emerged?

Answer 54

from the harshness of the capitalist system

Question 55

What is the socialist view of humans?

Answer 55

humans are social beings and value cooperative and community

Question 56

From what emerged Marxism? What is it criticising? What is the idea of government?

Answer 56

From Karl Marx and Frederique Engels critics the capitalist production system workers will control the state after the revolution

Question 57

Explain in two simple points communism.

Answer 57

1- no private ownership, only communal ownership | 2- everyone takes what they need from society

Question 58

Explain what is democratic socialism.

Answer 58

1- believes that only democratic methods should be used to work towards socialist system 2- Favors public ownership in some industries

Question 59

What is Anarchism?

Answer 59

State is the source of opression, we should replace the state with a cooperatio or a communal society

Question 60

What is fashism?

Answer 60

agressive form of nationalism. Believes that inequalities are natural