Smart Book Entry Thursday March 27 Flashcards
Mycoplasma pneumonia is associated with warm or cold agglutinins associate this fact with whether it would clump up in a tube.
Mycoplasma pneumonia can result in formation of cold agglutinins which are IgM ab primarily.
So if blood samples are collected in anti-coagulated tubes and submerged in ice > turbidity and clumping would occur.
In lactate dehydrogenase deficiency, glycolysis is inhibited inn strenuously exercising muscle as muscle cells cannot regenerate what co-enzyme?
NAD+
In lactate dehydrogenase deficiency what metabolic intermediate will increase.
pyruvate
Why would simultaneous ingestion of ethanol with acetaminophen decrease the risk of hepatotoxicity during an acetaminophen overdose?
Because they both are metabolized through same cytochrome P450 enzyme
Acute alcohol ingestion leads to induction of these enzymes
Renal cell carcinoma presenting with a left-sided flank mass, suggest invasion into what major vein?
IVC through the renal vein
In a patient with STEMI, with a re-perfusion related arrhythmia; what drug is likely to have caused this pathology?
fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) therapy (e.g alteplase, tenecteplase, streptokinase)
Diagnosis of MS is largely clinical, but is supported by the presence of what?
T2 lesions on MRI (in the case of the presencee of intraocular metal must preclude this type of testing) or oligoclonal bands on cerebrospinal fluid analysis
MS is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS characterized by lesions of focal demyelination of what structures?
oligodendrocytes
What is the difference between “in utero” and “intrapartum”? Give examples.
“In utero” refers to the time period before birth, while “intrapartum” refers to the time period during labor and delivery
(I.e vaginal infection Streptococcus to baby vertical transmission (intrapartum) vs congenital toxoplasmosis which is aquired “in utero”
What is the most likely predisposing factor for infective endocarditis and presentation of large, friable masses on the mitral valve with extensive destruction of cuspal tissue.
Valvular inflammation and scarring
Why is chordae tendinae not a risk for development of IE.
Rupture of chordae tendineae is a complication of endocarditis or myocardial infarction; it is not a risk factor
Why is muscle weakness and paresthesia a characteristic of tumors present at the adrenal cortex?
Outermost layer of the adrenal cortex is the Zona glomerulosa which secretes aldosterone;
Aldosterone excess leads to metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia because there is K+ and H+ excretion
Hypokalemia> muscle weakness and paresthesia due to hyperpolarization
How do alcohol based disinfectants kill vegetative bacteria (but not spores), fungus, and enveloped viruses)
They are composed of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and dissolve their lipid bilayer membranes.
One mechanism by which those with COPD become increasingly lethargic and confused upon being started on high-flow O2 supplementation?
ventilation-perfusion mismatch
usually when hypoxic there is pulmonary vasoconstriction to shunt blood to well perfused areas.
if get O2 this reverses the pulmonary vasoconstriction
leads to increased CO2 retention (oxygen induced hypercapnia)
Meaning of enthesitis?
inflammation at the body insertions of tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules.
What are some locations for inflammation when a patient has enthesitis?
- site of mechanical stress
- insertion of tendons, ligaments, joint capsules
What are some common presentations of enthesitis?
- Achilles tenndinitis (posterior heel pain)
- Plantar fascitiis (plantar heel pain)
- Dactylitis (“ sausage digits”)
What are some disease associations of enthestis?
- ankylosing spondylitis
- psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis
- reactive arthritis
What type of Beta blockers should be used in patients with COPD and acute MIs?
Beta blockers are used in acute MIs to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Non-cardioselective beta blockers can trigger bronchospasm
Selective B blockers are used in this scenario (A-M)
What organ systems can phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors adversely affect?
cardiovascular, ocular, genitourinary
Can cause flushing, headache, and hearing loss
What are the A/E on the cardiovascular system that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors can cause?
hypotension (especially with nitrates, a blockers)
What are some A/Es of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the eyes?
- blue discoloration of vision
- Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
What are some A/E’s of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors on the genitourinary system?
Priapism
tRNA is a small noncoding form of RnA that contains what chemically modified bases?
dihydrouridine, ribothymidine, pseudouridine
