Smart Biomaterials Flashcards
What are smart biomaterials?
materials that respond to specific signals
Describe the biological stimuli, chemical stimuli and physical stimuli which biomaterials respond to
What are the four classifications of smart biomaterials?
- inert
- active
- response
- autonomous
What are examples of inert biomaterials?
*lowest
*can place in the body without any secondary effects
What is an example of an active biomaterial?
*will RELEASE a therapy (i.e., drug, stem cells, or growth factors)
*one function
What are multifunctional active biomaterials?
aim to combine the effects of multiple active agents within the same biomaterial for synergistic effects
*composite that has antibacterial effects and has calcium phosphate which promotes mineral formation
What is a responsive biomaterial?
can sense their environment and then release the therapy (i.e., can sense low pH to release something for protection)
*more control
What is a disadvantage of active biomaterials?
uncontrolled leaching or release of the bioactive compound
How can responsive biomaterials be activated?
- light curing
- injection
- vibration
The function of responsive materials can be activated by what 2 types of stimuli?
- in body/internal stimuli
- out-body/external stimuli
What are autonmous smart biomaterials?
*no example because there aren’t yet
*can sense level of disease –> respond to that level –> adapt to do something next (i.e. increasing or decreasing the dose – or under high/low pH release different drugs)
Differentiate between good and bad osseointegration
good osseointegration = functional bonding between the implant and the tissue
bad osseointegration = fibrous layer at the interface which leads to loosening and failure
How does porosity effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- higher porosity = higher bone regeneration
- improves mechanical interlocking between implant and bone = greater stability
- scaffolds with aligned microstructures = better cell organization
- well-aligned microstructures also have an effect on gene expression and matrix production of collagen
*internal stimulu
How does roughness effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- surface roughness enhances attachment, proliferation, and differentiation
- osteoblasts display stronger adhesion to rough titanium surfaces than flat surfaces
*internal stimuli
How does surface charge effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- negative charge = avoid cell adhesion but promotes secondary adhesion
- negative and positive charges used as antibacterial mechanisms
*internal stimuli
What are 5 things are electrical charges good for in regards to smart biomaterials?
- cell proliferation
- cell differentiation
- cell alignment
- cell migration
- cell attachment/adhesion
What are piezoelectric materials?
produce electricity when pressure is applied (i.e., mastication, vibrations, movements)
What 4 things do piezoelectric materials do? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- upregulation of genes for bone formation and collagen production
- increase differentiation of osteoblasts
- higher cell activity
- rapid bone regeneration and formation
*external stimuli
What are the 3 advantages of piezoelectric materials?
- nanoparticles
- polymers
- ceramics
What are the 3 befits of pH/thermo-responsive materials? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- activated at T > 37 degrees or when pH is not equal to 7.4
- no invasive implantation
- great application for periodontitis treatment (for bone formation)
*external stimuli
What 4 things do magnetic nanoparticles do? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
- stimulate stem cell proliferation
- promote osteogenic differentiation
- improve the expression levels of growth factors
- accelerate new bone formation in bone defect sites
*external stimuli
What are enzyme responsive biomaterials? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?
*external stimuli
