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Regeneration > Smart Biomaterials > Flashcards

Smart Biomaterials Flashcards

1
Q

What are smart biomaterials?

A

materials that respond to specific signals

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2
Q

Describe the biological stimuli, chemical stimuli and physical stimuli which biomaterials respond to

A
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3
Q

What are the four classifications of smart biomaterials?

A
  1. inert
  2. active
  3. response
  4. autonomous
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4
Q

What are examples of inert biomaterials?

A

*lowest
*can place in the body without any secondary effects

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5
Q

What is an example of an active biomaterial?

A

*will RELEASE a therapy (i.e., drug, stem cells, or growth factors)
*one function

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6
Q

What are multifunctional active biomaterials?

A

aim to combine the effects of multiple active agents within the same biomaterial for synergistic effects

*composite that has antibacterial effects and has calcium phosphate which promotes mineral formation

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7
Q

What is a responsive biomaterial?

A

can sense their environment and then release the therapy (i.e., can sense low pH to release something for protection)

*more control

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of active biomaterials?

A

uncontrolled leaching or release of the bioactive compound

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9
Q

How can responsive biomaterials be activated?

A
  1. light curing
  2. injection
  3. vibration
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10
Q

The function of responsive materials can be activated by what 2 types of stimuli?

A
  1. in body/internal stimuli
  2. out-body/external stimuli
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11
Q

What are autonmous smart biomaterials?

A

*no example because there aren’t yet

*can sense level of disease –> respond to that level –> adapt to do something next (i.e. increasing or decreasing the dose – or under high/low pH release different drugs)

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12
Q

Differentiate between good and bad osseointegration

A

good osseointegration = functional bonding between the implant and the tissue

bad osseointegration = fibrous layer at the interface which leads to loosening and failure

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13
Q

How does porosity effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  • higher porosity = higher bone regeneration
  • improves mechanical interlocking between implant and bone = greater stability
  • scaffolds with aligned microstructures = better cell organization
  • well-aligned microstructures also have an effect on gene expression and matrix production of collagen

*internal stimulu

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14
Q

How does roughness effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  • surface roughness enhances attachment, proliferation, and differentiation
  • osteoblasts display stronger adhesion to rough titanium surfaces than flat surfaces

*internal stimuli

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15
Q

How does surface charge effect implantation? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  • negative charge = avoid cell adhesion but promotes secondary adhesion
  • negative and positive charges used as antibacterial mechanisms

*internal stimuli

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16
Q

What are 5 things are electrical charges good for in regards to smart biomaterials?

A
  1. cell proliferation
  2. cell differentiation
  3. cell alignment
  4. cell migration
  5. cell attachment/adhesion
17
Q

What are piezoelectric materials?

A

produce electricity when pressure is applied (i.e., mastication, vibrations, movements)

18
Q

What 4 things do piezoelectric materials do? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  1. upregulation of genes for bone formation and collagen production
  2. increase differentiation of osteoblasts
  3. higher cell activity
  4. rapid bone regeneration and formation

*external stimuli

19
Q

What are the 3 advantages of piezoelectric materials?

A
  1. nanoparticles
  2. polymers
  3. ceramics
20
Q

What are the 3 befits of pH/thermo-responsive materials? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  1. activated at T > 37 degrees or when pH is not equal to 7.4
  2. no invasive implantation
  3. great application for periodontitis treatment (for bone formation)

*external stimuli

21
Q

What 4 things do magnetic nanoparticles do? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A
  1. stimulate stem cell proliferation
  2. promote osteogenic differentiation
  3. improve the expression levels of growth factors
  4. accelerate new bone formation in bone defect sites

*external stimuli

22
Q

What are enzyme responsive biomaterials? Does it respond to internal or external stimuli?

A

*external stimuli

23
Q

What are some commercial examples of smart biomaterials?

A
  1. iFactor (P-15)
    - reconstruct cervical disk
  2. Augment (PDGF-BB)
    - surgical fusion of ankle
  3. Infuse (BMP-2) device
    - interior lumbar interbody fusion
  4. low-intensity ultrasound
  5. electrical bone stimulation systems
  6. hydroxyapatite cement
    - helps bone formation in teeth

Regeneration (5 decks)

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