Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y4 Farm - Production diseases > Smallholder cases > Flashcards

Smallholder cases Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you normally palpate to measure the heart rate (based on goat CE)?

A
  • femoral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Useful history questions

A
  • passing faeces?
  • when did x start?
  • worming history
  • other animals? are they well?
  • age
  • passing urine?
  • sex
  • breed
  • castrated?
  • diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a feature of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection?

A
  • joint enlargement in goats, especially those over 1y/o
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is intersex rare in goats?

A
  • no
  • these are quite common in goats
  • most affected animals are male pseudohermaphrodites
    – they’re genetically female with an XX karyotype but have a wide variety of phenotypic appearances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal pulse rate of a goat

A
  • 70-90bpm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is stargazing and is it normal in goats?

A
  • looking upwards and then rotating their heads through an angle of at least 180 degrees
  • yes it is normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How common are pseudopregnancies in goats?

A
  • quite common
  • must always be considered in animals presented for pregnancy diagnosis or for investigation of abdominal enlargement
  • up to 30% of does may be affected during their lives, and the incidence increases with age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differentials for a goat showing signs of abdominal discomfort and dysuria

A
  • cystitis
  • actinomyces
  • spinal cord injury
  • urolithiasis
  • sacral fracture
  • trauma
  • ulcerative balanitis (ulceration and inflammation of the glans penis and the prepuce in males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Options for obstructive urolithiasis in goats

A
  • euthanasia (excellent option give guarded prognosis and likely expensive surgery)
  • tx conservatively with Buscopan, IVFT, broad spec AB and NSAIDs (might be successful if reducing spasm around a single calculus is sufficient to allow urine flow, probably unlikely but could be offered)
  • urethrotomy (could be worth a try, although the urethra will often become blocked again as additional calculi travel down the urethra
  • perineal urethrostomy (considered a salvage procedure as ~80% of these will recur within 12mo
  • cystotomy and tube cystotomy (considered tx of choice in valuable animals and those where a ruptured bladder is suspected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Preventing urolithiasis in goats

A
  • offer more forage
  • offer goats salt licks
  • reduce phosphorus in diet
  • reduce Mg in diet
  • introduce ammonium chloride into diet
  • reduce concentrate feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pig legislation for England do’s

A
  • obtain a county parish holding (CPH) number
  • have a licence for any movement of pigs on to or off of premises
  • identify all pigs with an ear tag/tattoo/slapmark
  • register with APHA as a pig keeper
  • keep a record of any medicines purchased and administered
  • keep a holding movement record
  • apply for awalking licence from APHA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pig legislation for England don’ts

A
  • tail dock routinely
  • move any pigs anywhere until 21d after the arrival of a pig
  • bury dead pigs
  • feed pig any surplus food, including table scraps
  • insert a nose ring in a boar
  • transport pigs in any way that is likely to cause injury or undue suffering
  • tear any tissues when performing castration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Should pigs that live outdoors, and those that are exercised outside, be wormed every 4-6m?

A
  • yes
  • fresh faecal samples should be examined for worm eggs
  • worming with an ivermectin, which also covers mange, is useful
  • if protection against mange is not required, benzimidazoles are generally very effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When do Vietnamese potbellied pigs reach puberty?

A
  • 4 months old (2 bones before commercial pigs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How old should male pet pigs be castrated?

A

~10d/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which pigs to vaccinate against Erysipelas?

A
  • all pig pets
  • an initial course of 2 injections, followed by 6m booster
  • prevents the appearance of erysipelas infection but doesn’t protect against lameness associated with the condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In what position are pet pigs normally assessed?

A
  • on their backs
  • clients should be encouraged to place the pig on its back as a form of playing to accustom it to this position in case it needs to be examined clinically
17
Q

Normal pulse rate of a weaned pig

A
  • 80-100bpm
18
Q

How does Sarcoptes scabies var suis present in pigs?

A
  • pruritic, often with a yellowish-brown deposit on the skin, particularly in and around the ears
  • diagnosis confirmed by examining a sample of wax scraped from inside the ear for mange mites under a microscope
19
Q

In pigs, when should Erysipelas be suspected?

A
  • animal suddenly becomes sick
  • high rectal temp
  • walks stiffly
  • characteristic diamond-shaped lesions may appear the following day in white areas or be felt on dark-skinned pigs
20
Q

What bacteria most commonly causes D+ in young pigs?

A
  • E.coli
21
Q

How much of a pigs waking time should be spent searching for food?

A
  • 60%
  • therefore pet pigs need to be fed over a wide area of ground to help maintain a good BCS, aid locomotion and general digestion
22
Q

T or F: camelids are unable to open their mouth wide enough to make possible a more than cursory examination of the oral cavity?

A
  • True
23
Q

Where are the 2 major sites for jugular venipuncture in camelids?

A
  • low on the neck near the thoracic inlet
  • high near the ramus of the mandible
24
Q

T or F: normal lung sounds are muted in camelids and may be difficult to hear

A
  • True
  • the rr is best established by placing the stethoscope over the trachea at the thoracic inlet
25
Q

How is gastric intubation accomplished in camelids?

A
  • via the oral cavity
  • the nasal cavity is narrow and precludes passage of any except small tubes
26
Q

T or F: camelids use a communal dung heap for both urination and defaecation

A
  • true
27
Q

Normal body temp of camelids

A
  • 37.5-38.9C, but can be as high as 40C
28
Q

Normal gastric motility rate in camelids

A
  • 3-4/minute
  • increases slightly after feeding
29
Q

T or F: pulse evaluation is not used in camelids, as there are no readily accessible arteries

A
  • true
30
Q

Due to stress, where can camelids develop ulceration?

A
  • C3 (3rd compartment)
31
Q

What is the lesion localisation of those likely to cause the most severe CS of colic?

A
  • lesions affecting the distal SI or spiral colon
  • forestomach problems are least likely to result in severe signs
32
Q

What age of camelids are most likely to get tooth root abscesses?

A
  • 2-5y/o
33
Q

What parasite causes severe anaemia in camelids?

A
  • Haemonchus spp
  • when they present the animals will be very severely affected, but they should respond rapidly to blood transfusion from a healthy animal
  • usually a single unit (450ml) of blood from a healthy animal with a PCV of 24-28% will be adequate, esp if the underlying cause if identified and tx
34
Q

Use of passive float tests in camelids

A
  • most are too insensitive for use in camelids
  • the modified Stoll’s test is recommended, and is sensitive down to 5 eggs/gram of faeces (epg)
35
Q

T or F: the innate immunity of camelids to parasitism is lower than that or sheep

A
  • True
  • this means that’s under UK grazing conditions, camelids may suffer from clinical dz at lower levels of infestation that would be expected to be clinically significant in sheep
  • additionally, when co-grazed with sheep, camelids are more likely to succumb to clinical dz due to increased parasite exposure
36
Q

What do lice infestations cause in camelids?

A
  • pruritus + anaemia with sucking lice
  • sucking lice can be treated with injectable avermectins
  • chewing lice: topical product for use in other spp should be applied
37
Q

In a camelid, where should you take a peritoneal tap?

A
  • one hands breadth caudal to the last rib on the right flank
  • 1/3rd to 1/2 of the way from the midline
38
Q

Which coccidia affect camelids?

A
  • Eimeria:
    – punoensis
    – alpaca
    – lamae
    – macusaniensis
39
Q

Camelid sarcoptic mange tx

A
  • ivermectin injections of 0.5-0.6mg/kg every 7-10d for 3-4 treatments
40
Q

Recommended tx protocol for tooth root abscesses in camelids

A
  • SC florfenicol at dose of 20mg/kg every other day

Y4 Farm - Production diseases (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions