Small Test 1 Flashcards
how to treat hypovolemia
(crystalloid type, administration route and duration)
1st choice: Isotonic Crystalloid.
10 - 20 ml/kg bolus in 20min
IV, IO
what is a bactericidal?
give 3 examples
A abctericidal kills hte bacteria.
Penicilin
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
What is a bacteriostatic?
give 3 examples of a bacteriostatic
A bacteriostatic suppresses the growth of bacteria.
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Chicken Experiment:
Drug used,
Aim,
Method,
Admin. route.
Dose
Aim: Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Sulfachloropyridazine Sodium in broiler chickens.
Drug used: 20% Sulfachloropyridazine sodium aqueous solution.
Method: Bratton-Marshall Method.
Admin route: IV
Dose: 100mg/kg
name x4 indications of crystalloids
Hypovolemia due to quick fluid loss.
correction of dehydration.
maintenace of tissue perfusion.
Correction of acid-base and electrolyte disturbances.
name a contraindication of crystalloids
Congestive heart failure
give 2 examples of crystalloid substances
electrolytes
glucose
give 3 examples of isotonic (= 9%) crystalloids
Salsol A
Ringers Lactate
Alkaligen
Give 3 examples of hypotonic (<0.9%) crystalloids
5% glucose
Salsol B
Balansol
Give an example of hypertonic (>0.9%) crystalloid
10% NaCl Solution
name diff types of colloids
synthetic: starch (HAES, HES), gelatine
natural: albumin, globulin, blood preparations (FFP, FP)
name some indications of colloids
hypovolemic shock
hypoalbuminaemia
high capillary permeability
SIRS or sepsis
name some side effects of colloids
acute kidney injury
coagulopathy
hypervolemia
if hypovolemia occurs:
how long will it take to treat?
administration routes?
is HV acute or chronic?
how long; mins - hours
AR: IV, IO
acute
what are the formulas to treat hypovolemia
1st choice;
isotonic crystalloid
10 - 20ml / kg bolus in 20 mins.
if needed:
2-5ml/kg colloid and/or hypertonic crystalloid 4-5ml/kg.
if dehydration occurs:
how long will it take to treat?
administration routes?
is it acute or chronic?
takes 1 - 2 days to treat.
AR: mild - IO, SC. severe - IV.
chronic
what is the formula to treat dehydration?
isotonic crystalloid:
body weight (kg) x 10 x % dehydration
what is the diff btw hypovolemia and dehydration?
hypovolemia: IV fluid deficit, volume deficit.
dehydration: IS and IC deficit, takes time for the rxn to occur - hasnt eaten in days, PU w/o PD.
what is the fluid volume in canine?
80 - 90 ml/kg
what is the fluid volume in feline?
60 - 65 ml/kg
what ions are found in the EC?
Na+ and Cl-
what ions are found in the IC space?
K+
phosphor
proteins
movements of fluid:
what compartments does fluid move btw in EC?
what can move btw these compartments?
what cannot move btw these compartments?
fluid moves btw IS and IV - through capillary wall.
moves freely: water, ions, glucose, urea.
cannot move: proteins - creates colloid oncotic pressure.
movement of fluid:
what does fluid cross when moving between the EC and IC compartments?
what can move freely?
what cannot move freely?
fluid crosses the cell membrane.
moves freely; water and urea
cannot move freely: ions, glucose. these require transport proteins, and energy to be moved.
creates an osmotic ratio.
