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Therio > Small Ruminants > Flashcards

Small Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of small ruminants have year round kidding? (beef/dairy)

A

Dairy

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2
Q

What type of small ruminants have a controlled kidding program? (beef/dairy)

A

Beef

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3
Q

What state has the most purebred flocks?

A

Illinois

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4
Q

What percent of adult BW are females when they hit puberty?

A

60%

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5
Q

At what age do females hit puberty?

A

5-15m

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6
Q

What is the most important factor affecting entering puberty?

A

Ram selection- scrotal size (bigger=faster)

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7
Q

Who has the intersex condition?

A

Polled goats

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8
Q

Scrotal size desired in bucks and rams?

A

Over 30cm

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9
Q

T/F: The vermiform process on the penis is abnormal

A

False- it’s normal

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10
Q

Do rams or bucks more often get varicoceles?

A

Rams

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11
Q

What organism causes epididymitis in OLDER rams?

A

Brucella ovis

Note- its rare in bucks

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12
Q

What organism causes epidiymitis in YOUNGER rams

A 
Histophilus
Actinobacillus
Haemophilus
Corynebacterium
Brucella 
soo...give them tetracycline
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13
Q

Is sperm granuloma more common in bucks or rams?

A

Bucks-associated with intersex

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14
Q

Estrous cycle in ewes? Does?

A

17d

21d

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15
Q

Estrus time in ewes? Does?

A

30h

36h

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16
Q

Overall who has a shorter repro cycle, ewes or does?

A

Ewes

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17
Q

Where does P4 come from in ewes?

A

Placenta

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18
Q

Where does P4 come from in does?

A

CL

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19
Q

What kind of breeders are small ruminants?

A

Short day breeders

**Physio!: Darkness increases melatonin which stimulates GnRH which stimulates LH release

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20
Q

At this point in the estrous cycle, the buck will first express interest in the doe

A

Proestrus

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21
Q

At this point in the estrous cycle, the doe will stand to be mounted

A

Estrus

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22
Q

At this point in the estrous cycle, the ewe will have vulvar swelling

A

Estrus

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23
Q

Who has a more pronounced, visible estrus?

A

Does

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24
Q

At this point in the estrous cycle, the CL forms

A

Metestrus

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25
Q

At this point in the estrous cycle, we have a mature CL producing P4

A

Diestrus

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26
Q

When should the female be exposed to teasers rams?

A

14d before breeding

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27
Q

What conception rate do you want after the first service?

A

65-80%

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28
Q

What conception rate do you want after the second service?

A

90%

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29
Q

Explain Buck or Ram effect…

A

Take the male away for 30d then bring him back on day 0….causes LH surge in female

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30
Q

T/F: Melengesterol acetate is labeled for sheep but not goats

A

False: not labeled for either

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31
Q

What is the licensed progestin source for sheep and goats?

A

There isn’t one

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32
Q

What is the MRP for pregnancy?

A

IFN-tau

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33
Q

What type of placenta?

A

Cotyledonary epitheliochorial

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34
Q

When can you start U/S to check for a pregnant animal?

A

20d

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35
Q

When should you utilize transrectal U/S for pregnancy evaluation?

A

17-25d, visible embryo at 24

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36
Q

When should transabdominal U/S be used for pregnancy evaluation?

A

26d onward

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37
Q

When can you detect placentomes with U/S

A

30-75d

38
Q

When can you detect twins?

A

best time is 40-45d, but 45-90 possible

39
Q

T/F: it is easiest to count the number of fetuses at the very end of pregnancy

A

False

Less accurate close to term. Start looking at 90d

40
Q

When can you detect the fetal heartbeat?

A

Day 25

41
Q

When can you detect pregnancy with X-ray?

A

50d

42
Q

How long is gestation?

A

avg 148

43
Q

Definition: failure of the cervix to completely dilate

A

Ring womb…do a C-section then Cull :(

44
Q

T/F: most causes of abortion in sheep and goats are zoonotic

A

True!!!! Wear your gloves!

45
Q

Which species is more predisposed to periparturient dz?

A

Sheep!

46
Q

What trimester does pregnant toxemia occur?

A

3rd

47
Q

Cause of pregnancy toxemia?

A

Negative energy balance (twins, triplets common cause)

48
Q

Tx of pregnancy toxemia?

A

Induce parturition immediately if you want to save mom!

-15mg PGF and 15mg Dex

49
Q

What BCS should they maintain the entire year?

A

2.5-3

50
Q

Causes of vaginal prolapse

A 
Estrogen (clovers)
Tail docking
Obesity
Multiple fetuses
Genetics
51
Q

T/F: Cull vaginal prolapses

A

Yup, true

52
Q

T/F: Cull uterine prolapses

A

Yup, true

53
Q

When does vaginal prolapse occur? Uterine?

A

Pre: vaginal
Post: uterine

54
Q

Within what timeframe should the fetal membranes normally be expelled?

A

6h, if not give oxytocin or PGF

55
Q

CS or metritis and endometritis?

A

Foul smelling discharge

56
Q

When does milk fever occur?

A

Last 2w of gestation (don’t confuse with pregnancy toxemia)

57
Q

Which toxin causes cyclops and arthrogryposis?

A

Veratrum californium aka skunk cabbage

must be ingested at 12-14d for cyclops

58
Q

Which toxin causes infertility in rams, arthrogryposis and abortion?

A

Locoweed

Astragalus and Oxytropis

59
Q

Which toxin causes abortion and arthrogryposis (no infertility in rams)

A

Broomweed

60
Q

Clover and alfalfa cause what issues in sheep and goats

A

Subclinical Repro impairment
Hyperestrogeneism
Vaginal prolapse

worse in sheep!

61
Q

This virus causes arthrogryposis, hydroencephaly and tongue swelling

A

Blue tongue

62
Q

Hairy shaker lamb is caused by?

A

Border disease virus (BDV)

63
Q

Vector of cache valley dz and akabane

A

Mosquitos

64
Q

What does cache valley disease cause?

A 
Abortion
Stillbirth
Arthro...
Brachygnathia
CNS stuff
65
Q

Blue tongue and cache valley affect which species?

A

sheep

66
Q

Akabane virus affects which species? Which have clinical signs?

A

sheep and goats

only the ewe has symptoms

67
Q

Which campylobacter causes the most abortions in sheep and goats?

A

fetus fetus

68
Q

Most significant cause of abortion in sheep?

A

Campylobacter

69
Q

T/F: Campylobacter is zoonotic

A

True

70
Q

CS of campylobacter

A

none! ewe is not sick, just see abortions and hepatic lesions

71
Q

Cause of smoldering abortions in sheep and goats (mostly goats)

A

Chlamydophila

72
Q

Which bacteria is more important for abortion in sheep? Goats?

A

Sheep: Campylobacter
Goats: Chlamydophila

73
Q

CS of chlamydophila

A

Pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, epidiymitis, arthritis

Late term abortion
Necrotic placentitis
Zeil Neilson stain histopath

74
Q

Cause of necrotizing placentisis and abortions

A

Chlamydophila

Coxiella

75
Q

Does brucella melitensis affect sheep or goats?

A

Both, but goats more

76
Q

Tx of bacterial abortion?

A

Tetracyclines

77
Q

If you see mummified fetuses, think what organism?

A

Toxo

78
Q

Does toxo affect sheep or goats more?

A

goats

79
Q

This organism causes placentitis but the intercotyledonary areas are normal

A

Toxo

80
Q

Causes of arthrogryposis?

A 
Veratrum californium
Locoweed
Broom weed
Blue tongue
Cache Valley
Akabane
81
Q

Type of penis?

A

Fibroelastic

82
Q

Cause of urethral obstruction?

A

urethral process

83
Q

Puberty age?

A

Avg 7m

84
Q

T/F: sheep and goats are seasonally polyestrus

A

True

85
Q

Plant toxin that causes abortion in cattle but not small ruminants?

A

Lupines (she stressed this twice)

86
Q

Toxic agent of locoweed?

A

Swainsonine

87
Q

Treatment of pseudopregnancy?

A

Prostaglandin injection

88
Q

Infectious agents that cause infertility in BOTH sheep and goats

A 
Akabane
Campylobacter
Chlamydophila
Coxiella
Brucella melitensis (not ovis)
Listeria
Toxo
89
Q

Are sheep or cattle more affected by blue tongue?

A

Sheep

90
Q

Enzootic abortion in ewes?

A

Chlamydophila

WHAT?!…
sheep(ewe)=Campylobacter
goat(doe)=Chlamydia

SO this name just sucks, don’t get confused

91
Q

Which has systemic signs, campylobacter or chlamydophila?

A

Chlamydophila

92
Q

Pepperoni pizza placenta?

A

Toxo

Therio (2 decks)

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