Small Ruminant Nutrition: Sheep Flashcards
6 Urinary Calculli (UC) Preventions
1) Maintain Ca:P -> Ideally 2:1
2) Continuous supply of clean, cool water
3) Check for frozen pipes
4) Adequate water space for all animals
5) Addition of salt or trace mineral salt -> Enhance water intake
6) Addition of 0.5% ammonium chloride to the ration -> Acidify urine
Enterotoxemia Prevention
Vaccination is possible
4 Urinary Calculli (UC) Symptoms
1) Lambs are depressed
2) Off-feed
3) “Humped up” appearance
4) Abdomen is often distended, especially with bladder rupture
3 Rectal Prolapse (RP) Preventions
1) Adequate genetics
2) Do not use prolapsed ewe lambs as replacements
3) Adequate feeding -> avoid risk factors
What 2 vitamins are critical and may need supplementation?
Vitamin A and D
What is the major practice in ram feeding?
Mature rams can be maintained on pasture
Supplement with grain/concentrate feeding 30-45 days prior to the breeding seasion
Amount of protein is more critical than quality
True or False?
True
5 Systems of Raising Sheep
1) Fall lambs
2) Early spring lambs
3) Late spring lambs
4) Accelerated lambing
5) Feeder lambs
Recently weaned lambs need what type of nutritious supplement?
18 - 19% CP, high energy
4 Rectal Prolapse (RP) Associations
1) Genetics
2) Feeding pelleted, high-roughage rations
3) Dustiness in the ration -> increased coughing and RP
4) Short docked tails
5 Cobalt Deficiency Symptoms
1) Lethargy
2) Reduced appetite
3) Poor quality wool with an open fleece
4) Small size
5) Poor body condition
3 major nutritional related problems in sheep
1) Enterotoxemia
2) Urinary Calculli
3) Rectal Prolapse
What are 3 results from energy deficiency?
1) Reduced growth
2) Poor fertility
3) Decreased wool production
Water intake _____ (decreases, increases) in DM, protein, mineral, lactation, and gestation
Increases
4 Classes of Sheep breeds
1) Meat producing breeds
2) Dairy breeds
3) Meat and Wool
4) Wool
3 Enterotoxemia Treatments
1) Administering C & D Antitoxin
2) Administering thiamin (vitamin B1) intramuscularly
3 Replacing fluids intravenoulsy or subcutaneously
3 Advantages of Flushing
1) Increase BW prior to breeding
2) Increases Ovulation rate
3) Increases Lambing rate
4 Mineral Deficiencies in Sheep
1) Cobalt deficiency
2) Copper deficiency
3) Copper poisoning
4) Selenium deficiency
Placenta, Fetus, and Mammary Gland show highest growth rate during what part of gestation?
In the last 2 months
Feeding the ewe during lactation needs special attention towards what?
To mineral supplementation -> use calcium blocks
4 Copper Deficiency Symptoms
1) Hind leg weakness
2) Poor wool quality
3) Anemia
4) Poor bone mineralization
What are 2 key components in the sheep diet?
Pasture and Forage
Rectal Prolapse (RP) Treatment
Small surgery, very costly to the value of the animal
BCS score range for sheep
Scores 1 (extremely emaciated) to 5 (extremely fat)
3 Enterotoxemia Diagnosis
1) Clinical signs and history of sudden death
2) Confirmed by necropsy
3) Glucosuria (high levels of sugar in the urine)
4 Selenium Deficiency Preventions
1) Feed medication
2) Periodic drenching
3) Selenium injection
4) Free-access licks/minerals
Cause of Enterotoxemia
Clostridium perfringens type D
What part of gestation is the most critical period where it is 70% fetal growth and critical on energy needs?
Last 6 weeks
Where does Selenium and Vitamin E deficiency occur?
Pacific Northwest
4 Enterotoxemia Common Signs
1) Sudden death
2) Loss of appetite
3) Abdominal discomfort, shown by kicking at the belly and arching the back
4) Profuse diarrhea
When feeding young lambs, colostrum is important for what 2 reasons?
Nutrients and Passive Immune Transfer (PIT)
2 Cobalt Deficiency Treatments
1) Combination of intramuscular injection of vitamin B12
2) Drenching with up to 1 mg/kg body weight of cobalt sulphate
