Dairy Cattle Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases Flashcards
2 Bloat Preventions
1) Gradual diet adaptation
2) Feed dry hay before pasturing animals
Hardware Disease Treatment
Surgery
4 Displaced Abomasum (DA) Treatment
1) Walking and Exercise
2) Roll the cow to get the abomasum to normal position
3) Surgery to suture the abomasum to the body wall to keep in normal position
4) If it is a Right side DA -> conduct surgery immediately
Metabolic disease common in green cut forages
Nitrate Poisoning
3 Nitrate Poisoning Preventions
1) Use silage
2) Including high energy feeds (grain) in ration reduces danger of Nitrate toxicity
3) Analyse feeds and waterif it is a common problem
in the region
8 Nitrate Poisoning Symptoms
1) Accelerated respiration and pulse
2) Diarhea
3) Frequent Urination
4) Depressed Appetite
5) General weakness
6) Trembling, staggering
7) Frothing at the mouth
8) Dark blood
How does Ketosis happen?
Results from impaired Carbohydrate
and Volatile Fatty Acid Metabolism
8 Nutrition Disorders
1) Displaced Abomasum
2) Ketosis
3) Grass Tetany
4) Hardware disease
5) Lactic Acidosis
6) Milk Fever
7) Nitrate poisoning
8) Bloat
4 Grass Tetany Symptoms
1) Stiff movement
2) Loss of appetite
3) Frequent urination
4) Convulsions
5 Lactic Acidosis Preventions
1) Include appropriate levels of fibre
2) Use adequate particle size for TMR
3) Adjust cows to high-grain diet by gradually increase grain
4) Adding grain to dry cow rations before calving
5) Feeding buffers to help maintain rumen pH
Metabolic disease seen with low blood calcium, lack of muscle strength, and contractility
Milk Fever (MF)
3 Grass Tetany Preventions
1) Provide adequate magnesium daily during the high risk period
2) Use mineral blocks and provide balanced diet
3) Use legumes in pastures (high Magnesium content than cereals)
3 Bloat Treatments
1) Insert long tube in the mouth to allow gases to leave
the rumen
2) Drench or force-feed mineral oil or anti-foaming agent to eliminate froth or foam that may be preventing gases from escaping
3) Canula/Trocar
Displaced Abomasum (DA) is normally on what side?
Left side
Bloat also known as…
A) Milk Fever
B) Displaced Abomasum
C) Grass Tetany
D) Ruminal Tympany
D) Ruminal Tympany
5 Ketosis Preventions
1) Avoid overfeeding and overconditioning of cows
2) Increase grain after calving
3) Avoid abrupt ration changes
4) Feed good quality forages
5) Do Drenching as a routine
Which Metabolic Disease is caused by Magnesium deficiency?
A) Milk Fever
B) Acidosis
C) Ketosis
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
E) None of the above
(Grass Tetany)
2 Bloat Symptoms
1) Stomach wall protrudes between the ribs and hip bone
2) Swollen like a balloon if pressed
Milk Fever Treatment
Calcium salts I.V.
How does Nitrate Poisoning (NP) happen?
NP occurs when excess Nitrates in feed or water are
converted to nitrites by the microorganisms in the rumen
6 Ketosis Symptoms
1) Reduced feed intake and milk yield
2) Cows appear starved, depressed and dull
3) Rumen is inactive
4) Acetone odour in breath, milk and urine
5) Weight loss
6) Unexplained increase in milk fat content
5 Displaced Abomasum (DA) Symptoms
1) Discomfort and Pain
2) Reduced intake of feed and water
3) Reduced milk yield
4) Reduced volume of faeces, dark colored feces
5) “Ping” sound heard (with stethoscope) over the right rib cage instead of the normal thudding
8 Milk Fever Symptoms
1) Hind limb stiffness
2) Partial paralysis
3) Unable to rise
4) Poor appetite
5) Dry muzzle
6) Reduced rumen movement
7) Slow respiration
8) Low body temperature and cold ears
Best approach to treat Ketosis?
A) Oral admin of propylene glycol (drenching)
B) Calcium salts I.V.
C) Immediate surgery
A) Oral admin of propylene glycol (drenching)
