Small Mammal Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

which radiology equipment is BEST for use in small mammals?

A

Digital dental units

they provide better detail and are great for smaller anatomical areas such as legs/feet.

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2
Q

All dyspnic animals require __________ prior to radiographs

A

sedation
(midaz + torb)

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3
Q

T/F: ferrets are extremely sensitive to chemical sedation and require lower doses

A

true!

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4
Q

Proper views and proper technique are vital to proper interpretation of dental radiographs in small mammals. How can you ensure this?

A

Maintain good symmetry.

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5
Q

what is the ONE most important and informative dental radiography view for rabbits, guineas, chinchillas, and degus?

A

Latero-lateral

slightly elevate the nose so that the head center-line is parallel to the plate.

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6
Q

What 3 dental xray views are most ideal for rabbits, guineas, chinchillas, and degus?

A
  1. Latero-lateral **
  2. dorsoventral or ventrodorsal
  3. 30-40 degree L and R lateral obliques
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7
Q

Which of the following is FALSE?

A. to see rabbit incisors, you can take a singular rostro-caudal view
B. rabbit’s upper incisors are more curved
C. rabbit peg teeth will be visible in radiographs
D. 2 lateral views of the rabbit’s upper and lower incisors will be needed

A

A. to see rabbit incisors, you can take a singular rostro-caudal view

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8
Q

T/F: normal rabbit cheek teeth have apices that line up with one another in a relatively straight line

A

true

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9
Q

Why are dental CT scans less commonly used for small mammals?

A

Require high-resolution with thin slices (pediatric machines)
and general anesthesia would be required.

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10
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. guinea pig and chinchilla skulls are larger than rabbit skulls and therefore less teeth with be visible in each dental xray view
B. the rostrocaudal dental xray view is more informative in guinea pigs and chinchillas than in other species
C. there is no good view to isolate the apical mandibular roots and occlusal surfaces in guineas and chinchillas

A

B. the rostrocaudal dental xray view is more informative in guinea pigs and chinchillas than in other species

there skulls are smaller, so more teeth are visible in each view; and the isolated DV and 40 degree oblique view is good for isolating the apical mandibular roots and occlusal surfaces in guineas pigs only!

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11
Q

T/F: the isolated DV and 40 degree oblique view is good for isolating the apical mandibular roots and occlusal surfaces in chinchillas

A

false – guinea pigs ONLY

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12
Q

What are some asymmetrical changes that may indicate abnormalities in dental radiographs?

A
  1. elodont teeth not parallel or not similar in length
  2. changes in parallel alignment or cheek teeth length
  3. irregular occlusal plane
  4. improper alignment of upper and lower jaw
  5. malalignment of upper and lower incisors
  6. changes in apical bone with lysis or expansion of apical pocket
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13
Q

what is the purpose of Bohmer-Crossley Reference Lines?

A

an attempt to create standardized measures and anatomic relationships using specific skull landmarks in order to evaluate malocclusion and/or tooth crown/apical overgrowth.
Can also be used as a guudelines on correction that is needed to crowns when trimming is requires.

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14
Q

what are the 2 best dental xray views for rats and mice?

A
  1. laterolateral
  2. dorsoventral

open-mouth obliques can be useful sometimes to separate out the roots of different arcades.

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15
Q

T/F: the lower incisors of rats are shorter than upper incisors and have short roots as well

A

false – they wrap completely under the cheek teeth caudal to the mandible.

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16
Q

which type of small mammals can we utilize intraoral films on?

A

carnivores and omnivores because they can open their mouths wide.

17
Q

what are the 2 most common dental issues identifies with radiographs?

A
  1. caries
  2. fractures
18
Q

Survey radiographs in small mammals usually combine what two views in one exposure?

A

chest and abdomen
(aka pet-o-gram)

19
Q

Why are whole body radiographs difficult to interpret for herbivores?

A

they have large cecums and significant amounts of gas within their GI tract which obscures other organs and details.

20
Q

T/F: in rabbits, it can be difficult to distinguish between thymomas versus heart disease

A

true

21
Q

T/F: it is abnormal for a guinea pigs abdomen to buldge on radiographs and this finding may indicate GI stasis and/or obstruction

A

false – this is a normal finding for guinea pigs.