small mammal dentistry Flashcards
anelodont
tooth with limited period of growth
elodont
continuously growing teeth
aradicular: open root - rabbits and rodents
radicular: closed root - horses
hypsodont
long crowned teeth
brachydont
short crowned teeth
Incisor teeth are __ and peg teeth are the __ in rabbits.
Incisor teeth are aradicular hypsodont and peg teeth are the second set of maxillary incisors in rabbits.
cheek teeth
visually indistinguishable aradicular hypsodont premolar and molar teeth
Diastema
wide gap between incisor and cheek teeth in rabbits and rodents -> can stick meds here
dentine wears down __ than enamel
faster
what anatomically separates out the rodent groups (porcupine, rat, squirrel)
masseter muscle placement NOT teeth
T/F: an awake oral exam is complete
F, if issues are seen then you need a sedated exam
what should a guinea pig mouth look like compared to a rabbits?
guinea pigs should be neat and tight when looking at the occlusal plane and alignment while rabbits may be ok varying a bit more
briefly explain the anatomy of rabbit teeth
- Theres extra upper incisors I-2 (peg teeth) BEHING first incisors
- all open rooted teeth: aradicular hypsodont
- incisors grow 10-12 cm per year
- all teeth can overgrow
rabbits maxillary teeth are set __ than mandibular. If they get points then they’ll be __ of the maxillary teeth and __ the mandibular teeth
rabbits maxillary teeth are set wider than mandibular. If they get points then they’ll be outside of the maxillary teeth and inside the mandibular teeth
T/F: rabbit teeth wear only by grinding against themselves
T
rabbit incisor malocclusions
rabbit incisor malocclusions are caused by anything causing uneven wear . Vitamin D may be an issue for indoor rabbits and/or improper chewing motions. The lower incisors grow upward and outward but upper incisors grow within the mouth so it may not be noticed until its quite advanced and/or has injured the tongue or roof of the mouth.
rabbit incisor malocclusions do __ see difficulty eating while cheek teeth __ see difficulty eating
rabbit incisor malocclusions do NOT see difficulty eating while cheek teeth do see difficulty eating
molar teeth overgrow from uneven wear creating points on the __ edges of lower teeth and the __ edges of upper teeth
molar teeth overgrow from uneven wear creating points on the inside edges of lower teeth and the outside edges of upper teeth
what are some secondary signs of rabbit malocclusion?
- nasolacrimal duct blockage: from upper incisor root disease
- exopthalmos: upper cheek teeth disease
- facial swellings from apical swellings/abscesses
- lip and dewlap dermatitis from slobbering
t/f: once a malocclusion occurs its lifelong and requires trimming/shaping teeth repeatedly or extraction
T
T/F: you should torque teeth
F, avoid using scissors or nail trimmers
Treatment of incisor malocclusions
This can be done in awake rabbits in a bunny burrito. They need to be trimmed every 3-4 weeks and grow 10-12cm per year. Use a dremel tool with light water to cool and make sure you protect the tongue/lips.
Treatment of molar malocclusions
Treatment of rabbit molar malocclusions always requires anesthesia. Use low speed dental hand piece with guarded molar grinders like diamond coated bits, not cutting bits, to take points off teeth and shape proper length. Remember to protect a tongue. It may be better to remove teeth, but removing single teeth but this may create further malocclusion with opposing teeth- monitor, opposites may stop growing
list some importance with to consider with tooth extraction
- bone is fragile and thin
- need to evaluate all tooth surfaces
- need to make sure all germinal tissue is removed
- need to remove all infected tissue if abscessed
- recognize ankylosed teeth that cannot be extracted
