Anesthesia Flashcards
List a few physiologic and anatomical considerations for anesthesia of pocket pets
- Small size: difficult veins, airway obstruction from positioning, difficult with monitoring equipment and drug dosing
- High metabolic rate: hypoglycemia with prolonged fasting, rapid drug metabolism, higher fluid replacement
- High SA: volume ration -> hypothermia
- Catecholamine driven prey animals
- GI ileus, tympany
- high oxygen consumption rates: rapid inhalant anesthetic uptake and elimination and low tolerance to hypoxemia
- difficult to intubate: small tracheal diameter and dorsal larynx
- low blood volume
T/F: rabbits, ferrets and rodents are primary/obligate nasal breathers
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Is fasting before anesthesia recommended for pocket pets?
NO, they don’t regurg or vomit and are more likely to have issues with hypoglycemia, etc.
how would you collect blood or administer drugs in a pocket pet?
Blood collection can be by the jugular, cephalic, saphenous or marginal ear vein OR in rats the lateral coccygeal vein may be used. For drugs, IO catheterization with an 18-22G spinal needle in the proximal femur, tibia, or humerus may be used
what happens if the auricular artery of a rabbit is injured?
thrombosis and ischemic necrosis
describe how to draw blood from a rodents tail
- use a plastic tube for restraint
- warm the tail in a water bath to cause local vasodilation
- gently clip tail and sample blood
Drug dosing needs to be adjusted in pocket pets because of the __ metabolic rate. This causes the duration of drug action to be __ and requires __ doses.
Drug dosing needs to be adjusted in pocket pets because of the high metabolic rate. This causes the duration of drug action to be shorter and requires larger doses.
when should you remove a pocket pet from an induction chamber? Then what should you do?
One the animal loses its righting reflex. Then place a mask, and keep the head and neck in extension to prevent obstruction to breathing.
what is the entry to the glottis in guinea pigs called?
palatal ostium
how should you position the head of a rabbit to intubate?
hyperextend the head and neck, optimum muscle relaxation is needed
how can you confirm ET placement in rabbits?
condensation on inside of the tube, detecting air movement with hair/cotton in front of the tube, coughing is a response to intubation, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide on capnograph
describe how a V gel works in rabbits
This is a supraglottic device that is passed blindly and seals the esophagus off but doesn’t go into the trachea. It contours to the upper airway and can be bough specifically for different species
Rats and hamsters should be placed in __ recumbency and a local anesthetic used for __ with __ obstruction common
Rats and hamsters should be placed in dorsal recumbency and a local anesthetic used for laryngospasm with mucous obstruction common
free gas flow rate should be __ to remove CO2
200ml/kg/min
list some ways to check anesthetic depth in pocket pets
- pedal withdrawal: toe/tail pinch
- pinna reflex: pinch ear
- corneal and palpebral reflexes: fixed dilated pupil + unresponsive to light + absent corneal reflex -> deep anesthesia
- anal sphincter relaxation
fluid requirement for pocket pets
- 10ml/kg/hour for short procedures
- 5-8 ml/kg/hour for longer procedures
- high maintenance fluid rates 100ml/kg/24hrs
if a guinea pig is anorexic/inappetant post op, what should you do?
vitamin C supplementation
what would a fentanyl CRI do for anesthesia?
decrease isofluorane needed
T/F: some rabbits have atropinesterases meaning atropine wont work
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