Small intestine/Large intestine disorders (Adults Pt 2) Flashcards
Main function of the small intestine is absorption, corresponding pathology is
MALABSORPTION
Major problems in the small intestine are:
Inflammation, tumors, obstructions, bleeding
Malabsorption
abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the GI tract
Single Step (malabsorption)
Selective malabsorption of only a single nutrient may occur
Generalized malabsorption
malabsorption of multiple dietary nutrients
Pancreatic insufficiency causes malabsorption associated with insufficient
pancreatic enzyme production (lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin)
Lactase Deficiency
Congenital defect in lactase gene; brush border inhibits breakdown of lactose and prevents lactose absorption and causes osmotic diarrhea
Bile Salt Deficiency
Causes fat malabsorption including fat soluble vitamins, steatorrhea (fatty stools, which result of liver disease (loss of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K)
Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness
Vitamin D Deficiency
Decreased calcium absorption, bone pain, osteoporosis, fractures
Vitamin K deficiency
Prolonged prothrombin time, purpura, & petechiae
Vitamin E deficiency
Testicular atrophy/neurologic defects in children
Colicky pains are a common clinical manifestation in _____ ______.
Intestinal obstruction
Pylorus Obstruction
Early, profuse vomiting of clear gastric fluid
Proximal small intestine obstruction
Mild distention, & vomiting of bile stained fluid
Lower in small intestine obstruction
More pronounced distention; vomiting may not occur or may occur later and contain fecal material….
Simple obstruction
Presence of a lesion
Functional obstruction
“Paralytic ileus” is failure of motility especially after surgery
Small intestinal obstruction
Most common; fibrous adhesions
Large bowel obstruction
Most common is colorectal cancer
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction:
Ogilvie syndrome; massive dilation of large bowel
Dumping syndrome
Causes malabsorption by the RAPID emptying of hypertonic chyme from the surgically created residual stomach into the small intestine.
Dumping Syndrome causes an ______ shift of fluid from the vascular component to the intestinal lumen which causes a ______ in plasma volume.
Osmotic; decrease
What is the main function of the large intestine
Main function of the large intestine is the delivery of stool to outside and some water & sodium reabsorption (constipation; diarrhea)
