CNS System Disorders

Question 1

Post-hyperventilation Apnea

Answer 1

Lower brain stem centers regulate breathing pattern

Question 2

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Answer 2

Abnormal rhythm of breathing with alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea.

Question 3

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

Answer 3

Sustained hyperventilation caused by lesion in the central pons

Question 4

Apneustic respirations

Answer 4

Prolonged respiratory and expiratory phases caused by injury to the pons or upper medulla

Question 5

Cluster respirations

Answer 5

Periods or clusters of respirations of near equal depth, resulting from trauma or compression to the medulla or from chronic opioid abuse

Question 6

Ataxic RR

Answer 6

Irregular respirations with prolonged periods of apnea with damage to the medulla

Question 7

Ischemia/hypoxia

Answer 7

Dilated, fixed pupils

Question 8

Hypothermia

Answer 8

Fixed pupils

Question 9

Atropine/scopolamine

Answer 9

Dilated; fixed pupils

Question 10

Sedatives

Answer 10

Moderately dilated; fixed to light pupils

Question 11

Opiates

Answer 11

Pinpoint

Question 12

Barbiturate intoxication

Answer 12

Fixed pupils

Question 13

Oculomotor responses

Answer 13

Help determine the levels of brain dysfunction in coma (DOLL’S EYES)

Question 14

Doll’s Eyes

Answer 14

Normal: eyes move opposite away the direction moving the head
Abnormal: they don’t go opposite to the head movement
Absent: No correlation with movement

Question 15

Oculovestibular Relfex

Answer 15

Normal: eyes move into the direction of water flow
Abnormal: eyes do their own thing
Absent: Don’t move

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations of Altered Arousal

Answer 16

• determine side of brain damaged
• pattern of response can be: purposeful and not purposeful or not present
• Vomitting, Yawning, and hiccuping

Question 17

Purposeful

Answer 17

Intact corticospinal system

Question 18

Inappropiate or not purposeful

Answer 18

Severe dysfunction of the corticospinal system

Question 19

Vomiting, yawning and hiccuping involve the

Answer 19

Medulla

Question 20

Vomiting without nausea indicates the direct involvement of the

Answer 20

Central neural mechanism (or pyloric obstruction)

Question 21

(Total) Brain Death

Answer 21

Body cannot maintain internal homeostasis; irreversible brain stem and cerebellum, occurs.

Question 22

(TOTAL) Brain death criteria

Answer 22

• UNRESPONSIVE coma
• no spontaneous movement
• irreversible cessation/no brainstem function (including brainstem and cerebellum)

Question 23

Brain stem (ABC)

Answer 23

Breathing -RR
Circulation - BP
Airway - HR

Question 24

Cerebral death

Answer 24

• Death of the cerebral hemispheres

- Irreversible coma

Question 25

Cerebral Death (survival)

Answer 25

Emerge into a vegetative state or minimally conscious state.

Question 26

Functional adequacy is a complex process involving three major neuronal systems:

Answer 26

Cognitive, sensory, motor