Small intestine histology

Question 1

These are the three anatomic sections of the small intestine

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 2

This section is the first, shortest, and widest part of the small intestine

Answer 2

Duodenum

Question 3

This is the principle site for digestive processes and where nutrients are absorbed

Answer 3

Small intestine

Question 4

Enzymes from the alimentary canal are added to the small intestine, which are located in the microvilli of these cells

Answer 4

enterocytes (intestinal absorptive cells)

Question 5

This is the first degree of folding of the small intestine, and is evagination of the mucosa and part of the submucosa

Answer 5

Plica

Question 6

This is the second degree of folding of the small intestine, and is evagination of the mucosa only

Answer 6

Villus

Question 7

This is the third degree of folding of the small intestine, and is invagination of the mucosa

Answer 7

Glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 8

This is the fourth degree of folding of the small intestine, and is evagination of the apical domain of the enterocyte

Answer 8

Microvilli

Question 9

Plica is evagination of these layers of the alimentary canal

Answer 9

Mucosa and part of the submucosa

Question 10

Villus is evagination of this layer of the alimentary canal

Answer 10

Mucosa only

Question 11

Crypts of Lieberkuhn is invagination of this layer of the alimentary canal

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

Microvilli is evagination of the apical domain of this cell type

Answer 12

Enterocyte

Question 13

Plicae circularis (Valves of Kerckring) are present in these parts of the small intestine

Answer 13

Duodenum and jejunum

Question 14

These permanent transverse, circular folds of the small intestine contain a core of submucosa and extend about ½ to ⅔ of the way around the circumference of the lumen (semilunar)

Answer 14

Plicae circularis

Question 15

These folds become distinct of the duodenal-jejunal junction and dissipate about halfway through the ileal portion of the small intestine

Answer 15

Plicae circularis

Question 16

Plicae circularis become distinct of this junction

Answer 16

Duodenal-jejunal junction

(dissipate about halfway through the ileum)

Question 17

Throughout the small intestine, these are mucosal projections or outgrowths (evaginations) covered by simple columnar epithelium of enterocytes (absorptive cells), and goblet cells, and contain a core of connective tissue that is an extension of the lamina propria

Answer 17

Villi

Question 18

Throughout the small intestine, villi are mucosal projections or outgrowths (evaginations) covered by this type of epithelium of enterocytes (absorptive cells), and goblet cells, and contain a core of connective tissue that is an extension of the lamina propria

Answer 18

Simple columnar

Question 19

Throughout the small intestine, villi are mucosal projections or outgrowths (evaginations) covered by simple columnar epithelium of enterocytes (absorptive cells), and goblet cells, and contain a core of connective tissue that is an extension of this

Answer 19

Lamina propria

Question 20

These are formed by invaginations of the epithelium into the lamina propria between the villi
Also augment the surface area of the small intestine

Answer 20

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 21

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are formed by invaginations of the epithelium into this, between the villi

Answer 21

Lamina propria

Question 22

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are made of this type of epithelium

Answer 22

Simple columnar

Question 23

Crypts of Lieberkuhn end at this alimentary canal layer

Answer 23

Muscularis mucosae

Question 24

This structure is the start of a lymphatic vessel that, just above the muscularis mucosae, forms a lymphatic vessel plexus and then leave through the mesentery with the vessels

Answer 24

Central lacteal

Question 25

Central lacteal is present in the core of this, or lamina propria

Answer 25

Villus core

Question 26

This section of the small intestine has Brunner's glands in the submucosa

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Does the duodenum have many goblet cells?

Answer 27

Few

Question 28

Are there Brunner's glands present in the duodenum?

Answer 28

Yes - in the submucosa

Question 29

These are tubuloacinar mucous glands found in the submucosa of the duodenum

Answer 29

Brunner's glands

Question 30

This section of the small intestine has long, finger-like villi The villi are narrower and longer

Answer 30

Jejunum

Question 31

Does the jejunum have more goblet cells than the duodenum?

Answer 31

Yes (number of goblet cells per unit area is greater in the jejunum than in the duodenum)

Question 32

This section of the small intestine has more plicae circulares, and well established lacteal

Answer 32

Jejunum

Question 33

Does the jejunum have Brunner's glands?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

This section of the small intestine has fewer short villi

Answer 34

Ileum

Question 35

This section of the small intestine has abundant goblet cells and Peyer's patches in lamina propria

Answer 35

Ileum

Question 36

Does the ileum have many goblet cells?

Answer 36

Yes, abundant

Question 37

This section of the small intestine receives bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas via the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, respectively

Answer 37

Duodenum

Question 38

Do Brunner glands have acidic or alkaline secretions?

Answer 38

Alkaline

Question 39

This section of the small intestine has the sparsest, shortest, and narrowest villi

Answer 39

Ileum

Question 40

These layers of the ileum house permanent clusters of lymphoid nodules known as Peyer patches

Answer 40

Lamina propria and submucosa

Question 41

In the region of these in the ileum, the villi are reduced in height and may even be absent

Answer 41

Peyer patches

Question 42

These are solitary lymphoid nodules that are widespread in the lamina propria and submucosa throughout the GI tract

Answer 42

Peyer's patches

Question 43

Peyer's patches are found throughout the GI tract, mostly in this part

Answer 43

Ileum

Question 44

Are there villi in the Peyer's patches?

Answer 44

No - devoid of villi

Question 45

This modification creates the striated border appearance that is covered by glycocalyx (carbohydrates) through which nutrients are taken into the cells

Answer 45

Microvilli

Question 46

These are tall columnar cells Striated brush border covered by glycocalyx lateral surface has a junctional complex

Answer 46

Enterocytes / surface absorptive cells

Question 47

Do goblet cells increase or decrease in number from the duodenum to ileum?

Answer 47

Increase

Question 48

These cells lie in the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn Produce antimicrobial proteins that control the resident microbiota of the small intestine

Answer 48

Paneth cells

Question 49

Paneth cells lie in the base of these

Answer 49

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 50

These cells are clearly distinguishable due to the presence of large, eosinophilic, apical secretory granules that contain lysozyme

Answer 50

Paneth cells

Question 51

Paneth cells are clearly distinguishable due to the presence of large, eosinophilic, apical secretory granules that contain this

Answer 51

Lysozyme

Question 52

These cells play a role in regulation of normal bacterial flora of the small intestine

Answer 52

Paneth cells

Question 53

These cells phagocytose and transport antigens from the lumen to the lamina propria

Answer 53

Microfold (M) cells

Question 54

The simple columnar epithelial lining of the small intestine is replaced by these cells, with microfolds on the apical surface, in regions with Peyer’s patches

Answer 54

Squamous-like M cells

Question 55

These cells sample and transport luminal antigens to lymphoid tissue where macrophages and immune cells process them

Answer 55

Microfold (M) cells

Question 56

What is the main function of microfold (M) cells?

Answer 56

Phagocytose and transport antigens from the lumen to the lamina propria

Question 57

This surrounds the intestinal glands Contains numerous cells of the immune system Contains nodules of gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT)

Answer 57

Lamina propria

Question 58

This alimentary canal layer consists of two thin layers of smooth muscle cells, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer that allows for projections up into the lamina propria of the villi

Answer 58

Muscularis mucosae

Question 59

This layer of the duodenum consists of dense connective tissue, adipose cells, and Brunner’s glands

Answer 59

Submucosa

Question 60

These glands in the submucosa bring intestinal contents to optimal pH for pancreatic enzymes

Answer 60

Brunner's glands (Highly alkaline secretion has been shown to protect the small intestine by neutralizing the acid-containing chyme delivered to it)

Question 61

This layer of the small intestine consists of an inner circular smooth muscle layer, and an outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer Responsible for peristaltic movement of small intestine

Answer 61

Muscularis externae

Question 62

The small intestine is surrounded by serosa except at this part

Answer 62

Distal 3/4 of the duodenum (all others are intraperitoneal)

Question 63

Stem cells in the small intestine are found in this location

Answer 63

At the base of the crypts