small intestine

Question 1

______ is the area where most digestion and absorption of food occurs

Answer 1

small intestine

Question 2

what are the 3 major regions of the small intestine

What contains Duodenal glands brunner’s glands which secrete alkaline mucus neutralize stomach acid

Answer 2

Duodenum
*these guys contain the Brunner/Duodenal glands responsible for neutralizing stomach acids

Jejunum

Ileum

Question 3

This is the intestinal lining folds which greatly increase the surface area for digestion and absorption…

Answer 3

Plicae circulares

Question 4

Difference between Villi and Microvilli (Brush Border)?

Answer 4

Villi are the finger-like projections on the mucosa of small intestine… and Microvilli (brush border) are the projections on the Villi… further increasing SA

Question 5

What are the two brush border enzymes?

What are their respective roles?

Answer 5

Enteropepidase: Digestion of proteins

Lactase:
Digestion of carbohydrates

Question 6

This organ is the second largest in the body? (skin is largest)

Answer 6

The liver

Question 7

_______ are the primary functional cells of the liver…

these guys are also arranged into units called

Answer 7

Hepatocytes… are arranged into functional units called liver lobules

Question 8

What is the primary glandular function of liver?

Answer 8

The secretion of bile

Question 9

What cells are responsible for secretion of bile? (what do they travel through)

Answer 9

Hepatocytes secrete Bile through the bile canaliculi

Question 10

Talk about the flow of bile… beginning with the production from Hepatocytes

Answer 10

Bile Canaliculi –> Bile Duct –> Right or Left Hepatic Duct –> Cystic Duct/ Common Bile Duct –> Gall Bladder/ Duodenum respoectively…

**so cystic duct leads to gall bladder

**common bile duct leads to duodenum

Question 11

What are Kupffer cells? Where are they located?

Answer 11

They are macrophages located in the liver

Question 12

What most be present in the Duodenum in order for Bile to be secreted and enter the Duodenum?

Answer 12

Chyme

Question 13

Metabolism consist of two processes…

Anabolism and Catabolism (define)

Answer 13

Anabolism –> is the building up of bigger molecules from smaller ones

Catabolism –> breaking down of bigger molecules into smaller ones

Question 14

Carbohydrate is used mainly to produced what?

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

____is the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm with final products… 2 pyruvic acid, net 2 atp and 2 reduced coenzyme

Answer 15

Glycolysis

Question 16

Pyruvic acid enters into the Krebs cycle when

Answer 16

Oxygen is present

Question 17

Pyruvic acid turns into _______ when there is no oxygen think about sprinting

Answer 17

Lactic acid

Question 18

Glycogenesis is what?

Answer 18

Formation of Glycogen… basically seems that when sugar is not needed… it is for storage

Question 19

Glyco-genolysis:

hint look at word carefully

Answer 19

Break down of glycogen into glucose… when there is shortage of glucose.

Question 20

Gluco-neogenesis:

Answer 20

Synthesis of glucose from glycerol and amino acid