Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus

Question 1

The oral/buccal cavity contains what structures?

2 of them

Answer 1

Teeth and Tongue

Question 2

The Functions of the Oral Cavity consist of what?

4 general functions this question is kinda eh

Answer 2

1) Analysis (of food)
2) Mechanical digestion, mastication (chewing)
3) lubrication with enzymes, deglutition
4) limited chemical digestion

Question 3

What is the Oral cavity bordered by?

4 structures

Answer 3

The Palate
The Lips
The Tongue
and Cheeks

Question 4

What is the structure… that allows us to chew and breath at the same time… at least allows for this to happen

Answer 4

The palate

Question 5

The space between the cheeks/lips and teeth

Answer 5

Vestibule

Question 6

The area within the teeth and gums is the ______

Answer 6

oral cavity proper

Question 7

Gingiva is another word for

Answer 7

Gums

Question 8

______ is the dangling extension of the soft palate

Helps prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

Answer 8

Uvula

Question 9

This structure helps move food around in the mouth during chewing…

aids in forming food into a bolus for swallowing

Answer 9

The tongue

Question 10

What kind of muscles allow the tongue to CHANGE SHAPE

Not attached to bone

Answer 10

Intrinsic muscles

Question 11

What kind of muscles allow the tongue to Change position its location

Attached to bone

Answer 11

Extrinsic muscles

Question 12

The surface of the tongue is covered with _____ ______, which contain taste buds and increase surface area of tongue.

Answer 12

Lingual Papillae

Question 13

What are the 3 (extrinsic) salivary glands of the mouth?

(Bonus) Where do each gland empty into respectively?

Answer 13

Parotid Glands:
which produce thin water saliva…
empty into the vestibule by the second upper molar

Sublingual Glands:
produce thicker saliva, higher mucin…
they empty into the lingual frenulum

Submandibular Glands: mixture of serous cells and mucous cells
Empty into the mouth on either side of lingual frenulum

Question 14

What are the 2 main functions of salivary glands?

don’t overthink it

Answer 14

1) Lubricate food..
* saliva is 97-99% water… and contains protein called mucin (main ingredient to mucus)
2) Begin Chemical digestion

Question 15

This structure connects pharynx to the stomach

Answer 15

Esophagus

Question 16

What nervous system is responsible for the peristaltic movement of smooth muscle?

Answer 16

ANS

Question 17

________ is the opening in the diaphragm (breathing muscle) where esophagus passes through

Answer 17

Esophageal Hiatus

Question 18

________ is the muscle on the inferior end of esophagus that prevents back flow of stomach content

Answer 18

Gastro-esophageal sphincter…

normally in a contract state

Question 19

________ refers to the opening of the esophagus into the STOMACH

Answer 19

Cardiac Orifice

Question 20

Where does the production of the “Intrinsic factor” occur? What does it allow the absorption of?

Answer 20

Intrinsic factor occurs in the Stomach…

Which is required for absorption of vitamin B12

Question 21

_____ interior stomach folds allowing stomach to expand to accommodate large meals

Answer 21

Rugae

Question 22

_______ ________ are obliquely oriented muscles which help in mechanical digestion.

Answer 22

Muscularis externa

Question 23

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

Answer 23

Cardia (Cardiac Region)
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 24

Gastric Glands are primarily responsible for what kind of digestion?

a) Mechanical
b) Chemical
c) Mixed
d) automatic

Answer 24

B chemical…. lul

Question 25

gastric glands contain 4 types of secretory cells… what are they…

What do each cell type secrete respectively?

Answer 25

Parietal Cells:
intrinsic factor & HCl

Chief Cells:
secrete pepsinogen

G Cells:
secrete Gastrin

Mucous cells:
secrete Mucin

Question 26

Digestion function consist of 3 phases…

Cephalic
Gastric
& Intestinal

*briefly describe each phase

Answer 26

~Cephalic phase~:
Consist of physical stimulation that result in a reflex, causing gastric motility and secretion

~Gastric Phase~:
Consist of digestion in stomach…

~Intestinal phase~:
begins with movement of chyme into the duodenum

Question 27

What chemicals stimulate stretch of the stomach

Answer 27

Acetylcholine

Gastrin

Question 28

(define it) Chyme

Answer 28

Liquefied digested food, which is transferred from stomach to the duodenum

Question 29

Cells of the duodenum release what chemicals?

Answer 29

Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)

• these guys inhibit secretion and motility of stomach*
• stimulate the production & release of pancreatic juice and bile*
• stimulate contraction of the gall bladder *