Small for Gestational Age Flashcards
What is SGA?
A baby below the 10th centile on a grow chart
What measurements on ultrasound are used to determine fetal size?
Estimated fetal weight
Fetal abdominal circumference
What factors are used to customise a growth chart?
Ethnic group
Weight
Height
Parity
What is low birthweight?
< 1500 g
What is severe SGA?
Below the 3rd centile on a growth chart
What are the two main categories of SGA?
Constitutionally small
IUGR
What is IUGR?
When there is a small fetus that is due to a pathology reducing the amount of nutrients and oxygen being delivery to the fetus through the placenta
What are the two categories of IUGR?
Placental mediated growth insuffiency
Non-placenta mediated growth insufficiency
What are the caused of placenta mediated growth insufficiency?
Idiopathic
Pre-eclampsia
Maternal smoking
Maternal alcohol
Anaemia
Malnutrition
Infection
Maternal health conditions
What are the causes of non-placental mediated growth insufficiency?
Genetic abnormalities
Structural abnormalities
Fetal infection
Errors of metabolism
What are the signs of IUGR?
SGA
Abnormal CTG
Reduced amniotic doppler volume
Abnormal doppler studies
Reduced fetal movements
What are the short term complications of fetal growth restriction?
Fetal death
Birth asphyxia
Neonatal hypothermia
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
What are the long term complications of fetal growth restriction?
Cardiovascular disease
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Mood and behavioural problems
What are the risk factors for SGA?
Previous SGA baby
Obesity
Smoking
Diabetes
Existing hypertension
Pre-eclampsia
Increased maternal age
Multiple pregnancy
Antepartum haemorrhage
