Small Animal Spine/Pelvis/Pelvic Limb QUIZ Flashcards
Label the indicated parts of the vertebrae using words from this list. (endplate, neural canal, transverse process, dorsal spinous process, articular facet, ventral horn, nucleus pulposus)
A, B, C, E
A. Dorsal spinous process
B. Neural canal
C. Endplate
E. Transverse process
When taking a lateral cervical spine radiograph, the cat/dog should be measured at
a. C1
b. C7
c. C5
d. T2
b. C7
A frog-leg pelvis view is done when
1. trauma to the pelvis is suspected
2. evaluation of the lumbar spine is needed
3. working with amphibians
4. required for OFA certification
- trauma to the pelvis is suspected
Orthopedic Foundation for Animal (OFA) Certification of the hips requires the animal
1. must be sedated or anesthetized
2. all choices are correct
3. must have a microchip or tattoo for permanent ID
4. must be at least 2 years-old
- all choices are correct
How many lumbar vertebrae does the normal dog/cat have?
a. nine
b. seven
c. thirteen
d. five
b. seven
Spondylosis is caused by:
1. birth defect
2. neoplasia
3. unstable intervertebral joint
4. bone infection
- unstable intervertebral joint
When imaging the sacrum, the veterinary technician should
1. verify the colon is empty prior to imaging
2. all choices are correct
3. turn the x-ray tube head 30 degrees cranially
4. measure the patient at the sacrum
- all choices are correct
Intervertebral disc spaces must be ___ to the tabletop for proper evaluation.
1. medial
2. perpendicular
3. oblique
4. parallel
- perpendicular
OFA hip certification requirements for radiographic position include:
1. the femurs must be extended and parallel to each other
2. no more than 50% of the femurs are included in the view
3. sternal recumbency
4. patient positioning by hand restraint (no tape, no wedges)
- the femurs must be extended and parallel to each other
Identify the four bones indicated in the pelvic limb of a cat.
10, 13, 16, 17
10 Fibula
13 Metatarsal bone
16 Femur
17 Tibia
To image the stifle in the Caudocranial View for small dogs/cats, the patient is placed
1. standing for the view
2. in sternal recumbency
3. in lateral recumbency
4. in dorsal recumbency
- in sternal recumbency
Describe the technique for acquiring a caudocranial stifle view on a large breed dog. (3)
Horizontal beam technique works best in large breed dogs (p. 322 Lavin’s Radiography); if doing a sternal body position for stifle, on large breed dog, tube head will need to be angled 15 degrees
- Position dog in lateral recumbency with the limb of interest “up” Utilize foam wedges to make “up” leg parallel to table.
- Position cassette cranial to stifle (perpendicular to table) and label correctly
- Utilizing a horizontal beam technique (“cross-table” or tube head at 90 degrees) expose image
What is x-ray beam divergence and how is this applied to spinal radiographs?
My A:
- The x ray beam will create artifact that may make objects further from the central beam appear larger than they actually are. This applies to spinal radiographs as it can warp the shape of the vertebrae, so we must carefully collimate down the exact vertebrae we are imaging (and have those in the central beam).
Instructor A:
- Beam divergence: x-ray emits at an angle from a central point causing artifact (distortion) of the disc space (too narrow) and vertebral body (too long) at edges of image.
Therefore, it is important to collimate to 3 vertebrae when disc spaces are being evaluated.
What is a dynamic spinal view?
A flexed or hyperextended view (such as an image of hyperextended lateral view of the cervical vertebrae)
