Small Animal Neck, Thorax and Thoracic Viscera Flashcards
junction between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura
Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
a fold of the right mediastinal pleura that envelops the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve
Plica venae cavae
potential region of herniation located dorsally between the crura and the vertebrae
Lumbocostal arch
Where is the aortic hiatus located and what passes through it?
between the two crura and the lumbar vertebrae
passage of the aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct
Where is the esophageal hiatus located, and what passes through it?
opening in the right muscular crus
transmits the esophagus and dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
Where is the caval foramen located, and what passes through it?
-why is it unique?
lies within the central tendon and to the right of the median plane
transmits the caudal vena cava
unique opening because the adventitia of the vessel fuses with tendon
at the junction where the costal pleura reflects onto the surface of the diaphragm, this “pocket” or fold is generated
Costodiaphragmatic recess
spans the lumbocostal arch
Lumbodiaphragmatic recess
the underlying connective tissue “glue” that attaches the pleura to the thoracic walls
endothoracic fascia
located at/near the thoracic inlet where the pleura reflects from the costal wall to the cranial mediastinum
Pleural cupula
The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm forms the __________________ in the dog and cat, and the ____________ in the horse and ox.
phrenicopericardial ligament
sternopericardial ligament
Which two nerves supply somatic innervaton to the larynx and the diaphragm?
left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves
right and left phrenic nerves
The trachea is comprised of incomplete cartilaginous rings that are connected by _____________. The ____________ completes the ring dorsally
tracheal ligaments
trachealis muscle
the partition between the left and right principal bronchi at their origin from the trachea
carina
Hierarchical branches of the conducting portion of the respiratory system from the trachea
Principal bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
Functional and nutritional blood supply to the lungs
Functional – pulmonary arteries and veins
Nutritional – bronchoesophageal artery and azygous vein
All species, except the ________, have deep fissures separating the various lobes of the lungs (external lobations).
Horse
Due to _______________ (connective tissue) separating individual lobules collateral ventilation (movement of air between the lobules) is poor in ________ and ______ and these species are more susceptible to interstitial emphysema than other species.
thick interlobular septa
cattle and pigs
Azygos vein in the dog, horse, pig and ruminant
dog and horse - only a right azygos vein
pig - only a left azygos vein
ruminant- both left and right azygos veins
Afferent neuron cell bodies (somatic and visceral) are located within
dorsal root ganglia
Visceral efferent neuron cell bodies are located within the ____________ (thoracic and lumbar regions) of the spinal cord and within the __________ (dorsal aspect) of the sacral region of the spinal cord.
lateral horn
ventral horn
Prevertebral ganglia
celiac, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric ganglia
Pre-ganglionic fibers (axons) extending from pre-synaptic sympathetic cell bodies are always delivered to the ____________ of ganglia via the ______________
paravertebral chain
rami communicantes
Connection between the cervicothoracic ganglion and the middle cervical ganglion that surrounds the left subclavian
ansa subclavian
Right cardiac notch is between which lobes of the lung?
cranial and middle
Branches of the subclavian artery (proximal to distal) and what they supply
Vertebral a. - brain
Costocervical trunk - cranial intercostal spaces and neck muscles
superficial cervical - base of neck and scapular region
Internal thoracic - ventral intercostal aa, musculophrenic, cranial epigastric
