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VM745: CLINSCI I > Small Animal GI > Flashcards

Small Animal GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered primary GI?

A

Symptoms that occur due to disease in the GI tract itself

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2
Q

What is considered secondary GI?

A

Symptoms that occur due to problems outside the GI tract (liver, kidney, pancreas)

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3
Q

What are clinical signs of esophageal disease?

A

Regurgitation

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4
Q

What are clinical signs of stomach disease?

A

Nausea
Vomiting

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5
Q

What are clinical signs of small intestinal disease?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea

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6
Q

What are clinical signs of large intestinal disease?

A

Diarrhea
Constipation

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7
Q

What clinical signs are associated with vomiting?(6)

A

Nausea or salivation common
Retching common
Possible bile
Abdominal effort
Often noisy

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8
Q

What clinical signs are associated with regurgitation?

A

No nausea or salivation, retching, bile
May be a quiet process
May consist of just white frothy saliva

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9
Q

What clinical signs are associated with small bowel diarrhea?(6)

A

Large volume of feces
Normal or increased frequency
Flatulence, steratorrhea
Melena
Weight loss
Vomiting may occur
[No mucus, tenesmus, urgency, dyschezia]

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10
Q

What clinical signs are associated with large bowel diarrhea?

A

Small volume of feces
Increased frequency
Mucus
Hematochezia
Tenesmus
Pain or urgency to defecate
[No steatorrhea, rarely vomiting, weight loss]

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11
Q

Define: Steatorrhea

A

The excretion of abnormal quantities of fat with the feces owing to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine

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12
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

Electrolyte transport
Water absorption
Mucus secretion
Bacterial fermentation (fiber)
Motility

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13
Q

What are examples of primary anorexia?

A

CNS disease, hypothalamus, anosmia, trauma, mass, inflammation, neoplasia

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14
Q

What are examples of secondary anorexia?

A

CKD, cholangitis, pancreatitis, respiratory infection, DKA

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15
Q

What are examples of pseudoanorexia?

A

Dental disease, oral cavity pain, musculoskeletal, change in routine, anxiety, depression, finicky, food addiction, bowl design, whisker fatigue

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16
Q

What are clinical signs associated with whipworms?

A

Trichuris vulpis
Asymptomatic to fresh blood streaked diarrhea to bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, anemia, death

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17
Q

What clinical signs are associated with hookworms?

A

Ancylostoma, Uncinaria
Anemia, poor doer, melena, death (respiratory with migration), interdigital dermatitis
Zoonotic

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18
Q

What clinical signs are associated with roundworms?

A

Toxocara, Toxascaris
Pot-bellied poor doer, vomiting up worms, pulmonary disease, acute death
Zoonotic

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19
Q

What type of diarrhea does Giardia cause?

A

Small bowel

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20
Q

What type of diarrhea does Tritrichomonas cause?

A

Large bowel

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21
Q

What CBC abnormalities are indicative of “GI anemia”?

A

Chronic GI bleed
Microcytic, hypochromic, often non-regenerative anemia
Iron deficiency anemia

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22
Q

What are causes of chronic GI bleeds?

A

Primary GI disease
Drugs (ulcers)
Systemic disease (e.g. Addison’s)

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23
Q

What is the importance of the BUN:Cr ratio in GI disease?

A

A BUN:Cr ratio of greater than 30 is consistent with a GI bleed

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24
Q

What is indicative of a sick dog with a normal CBC?

A

Addison’s

25
Q

What are the 3 reasons for hypoalbuminemia?

A

Not making it = liver
Losing it = GI or kidneys

26
Q

After identifying hypoalbuminemia, what is the next question?

A

Globulins
Decreased = GI
Increased = liver or kidneys

27
Q

What CBC abnormalities are associated with pyloric obstruction?

A

Hypochloremia
Metabolic alkalosis

28
Q

What is folate associated with?

A

Proximal small intestine

29
Q

What is cobalamin (B12) associated with?

A

Distal small intestine

30
Q

What is the test of choice for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity

31
Q

What are primary GI rule-outs?

A

Parasites
Infectious
Idiopathic
Anatomic
Dietary
Inflammation
Neoplasia

32
Q

What are secondary GI rule-outs?

A

Endocrine (hypoadrenocorticism, hyperthyroidism)
Inflammation (pancreatitis)
EPI
Hepatopathy
Renal

33
Q

What are acute GI rule-outs?

A

GI foreign body
Dietary indiscretion
Toxins, medications
Addisonian crisis
AHDS
Acute pancreatitis

34
Q

What are chronic GI rule-outs?

A

CKD
IBD
Boxer colitis
Addison’s
Gastrinoma
Chronic pancreatitis

35
Q

Define: Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

36
Q

What is the pathogenesis of boxer colitis?

A

Granulomatous colitis caused by e. coli overgrowth

37
Q

What is the treatment for boxer colitis?

A

Enrofloxacin

38
Q

What are the big 3 rule-outs for protein-losing enteropathy?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
Lymphangiectasia
GI neoplasia - lymphoma

39
Q

What biochemical abnormalities are associated with lymphangiectasia?

A

Decreased lymphocytes
Decreased cholesterol

40
Q

What is the drug of choice for moving a cat’s colon?

A

Cisapride

41
Q

What can a fundic exam reveal about infectious diseases in cats?

A

Looking for FIP
White fluffy deposits on retinal vessels

42
Q

Define: Food Intolerance

A

Abnormal physiological response to food or food additive
Not an immunological response

43
Q

Define: Food Allergy

A

Dermatology - “adverse food reaction”
Immunological response
GI

44
Q

Define: Food Intoxication

A

Food poisoning
Pet food recalls
Spoiled, moldy food
Unregulated dietary supplements

45
Q

What is megacolon?

A

Generalized dysfunction of colonic smooth muscle
Poorly responsive to therapy

46
Q

What would motivate you to submit a fecal culture for salmonella?

A

Raw food diet

47
Q

An elevation in which cell type on the CBC is most consistent with intestinal parasitism?

A

Eosinophils

48
Q

In addition to the small intestines, what other organ/tissue is critical for the appropriate digestion of nutrients?

A

Pancreas

49
Q

Are hookworms zoonotic?

A

Yes

50
Q

What can result in a patient appearing to have a distended abdomen?

A

Organomegaly
Ascites
Tumor or mass
Fat

51
Q

What fluid types can be found in the abdomen of dogs or cats?

A

Transudate
Modified transudate
Exudate
Blood

52
Q

Which MDB abnormalities are most consistent with a protein-losing enteropathy?

A

Hypoalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia

53
Q

What causes a transudate?

A

Hypoalbuminemia

54
Q

What breed is predisposed to developing lymphangiectasia?

A

Yorkshire Terriers

55
Q

What are 3 of the most prevalent diseases in older cats?

A

CKD
Hyperthyroidism
Diabetes Mellitus

56
Q

What are the top 2 primary GI rule-outs for vomiting and diarrhea in older cats?

A

IBD
Alimentary T cell lymphoma

57
Q

What viral disease may manifest itself as fluid in the belly of a kitten?

A

FIP

58
Q

What treatment is the top priority and initial therapy for treating constipation in a cat?

A

Fluids

59
Q

Chronic diarrhea and weight loss are most consistent with disease of the ________________?

A

Small intestines

VM745: CLINSCI I (13 decks)

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