SM_Pulmonary Terminology Flashcards
Describe the general anatomy progression of the bronchial tree
Airway -> bronchus -> interface w/ capillary (where gas exchange occurs)
What is airways disease?
Pathology centered in large airways
What are examples of airway disease?
- Asthma
- Chronic bronchitis variant of COPD
- Bronchiectasis: cystic fibrosis versus non-cystic fibrosis
- Acute bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a subtype of _____ defined by a _______
Chronic bronchitis is a subtype of COPD defined by recurrent episodes of productive cough
Emphysema is a subtype of _____ where pathology is at the _______
Emphysema is a subtype of COPD where pathology is at alveolar-capillary interface (not airways disease)
Bronchiectasis is _______
Bronchiectasis is dilating and scarring of large airways
Bronchitis is ______
Bronchitis is inflammation of large airways
What is pulmonary edema?
Extravascular water in lungs
What are the two types of pulmonary edema?
- High pressure / cardiogenic
- Low pressure / non-cardiogenic
What is the Starling equation?
What causes high pressure (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema?
- Pulmonary venous HTN
- Low-protein edema fluid
What causes low pressure (non-cardiogenic) pulmonary edema?
- Injury to alveolar-capillary barrier (example: acute respiratory distress syndrome)
- High-protein edema fluid
If a patient has pulmonary edema, low EF, and high JVP, what kind of pulmonary edema does the patient have?
High pressure (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema
What part of the respiratory anatomy does interstitial lung disease affect?
Connective tissue that separates alveoli
(diffuse parenchymal lung diseases and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias)
What is pneumonia?
Infection of lung tissue (pulmonary parenchyma)
(more broadly inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma, caused by eosinophilic pneumonia and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia)
What is lobar pneumonia?
Pneumonia that shows radiographic consolidation to one area
What is non-lobar pneumonia?
Diffuse white areas on radiograph, not localized to one area
What is cavitary/necrotizing pneumonia?
In a severe infection, a pathogen eats away at lung tissue and elaves a hole of necrosis
