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S Michelle > SM Eyes > Flashcards

SM Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first thing that should be assessed with any eye concern?

A

visual acuity

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2
Q

when should visual acuity testing be overlooked with eye concern?

A

if emergent

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3
Q

what are emergent eye conditions?

A

acute angle-closure glaucoma
papilledema
retinal detachment

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4
Q

what does 20/40 vision mean?

A

someone else can see something at 40 ft away that you can only see at 20 ft away

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5
Q

Amblyopia
-def
-common or uncommon?
-what does it impact?
-what leads to amblyopia?

A

-Lazy eye
-common
-impacts visual acuity
-develops in child d/t strabismus

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6
Q

what is the visual acuity of a legally blind person?

A

20/200

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7
Q

what is the test used for color blindness?

A

ishihara chart

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8
Q

what cranial nerves are related to the eye?

A

CNII
CNIII
CNIV
CNVI

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9
Q

-name of CNII
-how is CNII related to the eye?

A

-optic
-responsible for visual acuity

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10
Q

-name of CNIII
-how is CNIII related to the eye?

A

-oculomotor
-responsible for eye movement; allows eye to focus

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11
Q

-name of CNIV
-how is CNIV related to the eye?

A

-trochlear
-responsible for eye movement; downward and inward eye movement

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12
Q

-name of CNVI
-how is CNVI related to the eye?

A

-abducens
-responsible for eye movement; outward or looking to the side movements

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13
Q

what cranial nerve does the Snellen chart assess?

A

CNII

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14
Q

Fundoscopic exam: normal findings
-retinal artery

A

-should be thinner, lighter in color than veins

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15
Q

Fundoscopic exam: normal findings
-hemorrhages/cotton wool spots

A

no hemorrhages or cotton wool spots

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16
Q

Fundoscopic exam: normal findings
-optic disc

A

-sharp margins; no swelling

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17
Q

Fundoscopic exam: normal findings
-arteries in relation to veins

A

arteries should not cross over vein

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18
Q

Fundoscopic exam: normal findings
-red reflex

A

should be present

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19
Q

what is it called when optic disc is inflamed/swollen?

A

papilledema; refer immediately to ED (can cause blindness)

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20
Q

Fundoscopic exam: abnormal findings
-HTN eye

A

-copper wire arterioles (arteries appear orange/yellow)
-AV nicking (artery crosses vein and causes it to bulge)
-flame hemorrhages (little hemorrhages that on exam look like flame near optic nerve

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21
Q

Fundoscopic exam: abnormal findings
-HTN eye
*how can these sx by reversed?

A

better HTN control

22
Q

Fundoscopic exam: abnormal findings
-diabetic eye

A

-cotton wool spots (white, fluffy patches seen on retina; indicates underlying vascular insufficiency or ischemia)
-neovascularization (formation of new tiny blood vessels in eye)
-microaneurysms
-dot/blot hemorrhages

23
Q

Fundoscopic exam: abnormal findings
-HTN eye
*phrase to remember sx

A

“That AV nicked my copper wire and it burst into flames”

24
Q

Fundoscopic exam: abnormal findings
-diabetic eye
*phrase to remember sx

A

“Blot had a micro amount of new cotton candy”

25
Q

what two conditions make it very important that the patient receive regular eye exams?

A

HTN, DM

26
Q

Clinical Scenario:
sudden, severe eye pain, blurry vision, eye feels firm to the touch

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

27
Q

Acute angle-closure glaucoma
-what diagnostic test must be utilized?
-manage in primary care?

A

-tonometry; can determine intraocular pressure
-NO; refer immediately to ER or emergent ophthalmologist (can become blind)

28
Q

Clinical Scenario:
feels like a curtain is being pulled over field of vision
-sudden, painless appearance of floaters, flashes of light, likely blurred vision

A

Retinal detachment

29
Q

Retinal detachment
-manage in primary care?

A

NO; refer immediately to ER or emergent ophthalmologist

30
Q

-what causes is areus senilis?
-what causes xanthelasma?
-if seen in young person, what does that indicate? what labs should you order? how does this impact meds?
-if seen in older person, what does that indicate?

A

-high cholesterol
-high cholesterol
-familial hyperlipidemia; lipid panel = higher doses of statin will be needed to control cholesterol
-more benign; doesn’t usually require tx

31
Q

what is pterygium?

A

benign non-cancerous overgrowth of conjunctiva; may have minor eye redness or irritation; overall pretty asymptomatic

32
Q

pterygium vs pinguecula

A

-pterygium: encroaches on actual cornea; will clear on its own w/o tx; benign non-cancerous overgrowth of conjunctiva; may have minor eye redness or irritation; overall pretty asymptomatic
-pinguecula: will not go over/into cornea

33
Q

Hordeolum
-another name?
-def
-what is this usually caused by?
-tx

A

-stye
-sudden onset, localized inflamed eyelid; possible purulent eye drainage
-usually caused by infection ie staph aureus
-warm compress + abx
*not chalazion

34
Q

Chalazion
-def
-tx

A

-sudden onset, localized inflamed eyelid; blockage of duct
-warm compress
*not stye

35
Q

what is another name for conjunctivitis?

A

adenoviral conjunctivitis

36
Q

-what are the three types of conjunctivitis?
-what type has bilateral presentation?
-what type has unilateral presentation (then spreads to other eye)?

A

-bacterial, viral, allergic
-allergic
-viral or bacterial

37
Q

-type of drainage associated with conjunctivitis
*bacterial
*viral
*allergic

A

-purulent
-serous/watery drainage
-serous/watery drainage; more stringy and ropey

38
Q

lymph node enlargement related to conjunctivitis type
*bacterial
*viral
*allergic

A

-no lymph node involvement
-preauricular or submandibular
-cervical

39
Q

Clinical Scenario:
80YO, many sx night driving; bilateral leukocoria present (white reflex; no RR)

A

cataracts

40
Q

what is leukocoria?

A

white reflex (no RR)

41
Q

Clinical Scenario:
central vision loss

A

Macular degeneration

42
Q

-what age group is macular degeneration seen in?
-tx?

A

-seen more commonly as people age
-lifestyle modification (once sx start to occur = larger print)

43
Q

Clinical Scenario:
occurs in middle age (older than 40yrs); “suddenly my arms are too short”

A

Presbyopia (can’t see up close objects well)

44
Q

-What is presbyopia?
-tx?

A

-can’t see up close objects well
-reading glasses

45
Q

Clinical Scenario:
eye irritation after suffering from Bell’s Palsy episode
-occurs when eye is not lubricated well

A

corneal abrasion

46
Q

-how is a corneal abrasion dx?

A

dx with fluorescein staining –> abrasion takes up the dye and glows in black light

47
Q

Clinical Scenario:
wears contacts; today has cloudiness and blurry vision concerns
-unable to hold eye open (cannot recall eye injury)
-cornea is red, inflammed

A

Keratitis (caused by bacterial infection)

48
Q

Can keratitis be treated in primary care setting?

A

NO; refer immediately to ophthalmologist

49
Q

Clinical Scenario:
eye pain; sensitivity to light; not able to see as well as normal
-entire eye is red; inflammation/swelling or iris when looking closer

A

iritis (type of uveitis)

50
Q

can iritis (type of uveitis) be treated in primary care setting?

A

NO; refer to ophthalmology (can lead to permanent blindness)

51
Q

Clinical Scenario:
broken blood vessels on sclera of eye
-typically occurs after trauma, but could be from no trauma

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage
*asymptomatic outside of red appearance

52
Q

-tx for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
-what can cause subconjunctival henorrhage?

A

-typically resolves spontaneously; if bothersome, could utilize artificial tears
-repetitive sneezing, vomiting, or facial pressure

S Michelle (18 decks)

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