SM 151a - Lung Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

Images taken from Dr. Cochard's SM 151a - Lung Anatomy and Histology lecture slides

1
Q

What cells reduce surface tension in bronchioles?

A

Club cells

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2
Q

What is an acinus?

A

The portion of the lung supplied by a terminal bronchiole

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3
Q

When does lung epithelium begin to differentiate from simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

During the pseudoglandular period (6-16 weeks)

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4
Q

The costodiaphragmatic recess extends ____ ribs below the lung margins to rib ____ posteriorly and rib ____ anteriorly

A

The costodiaphragmatic recess extends 2** ribs below the lung margins to rib **12** posteriorly and rib **10 anteriorly

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5
Q

Which structure leaves the impression indicated by arrow #3?

A

Esophagus

(This is the right lung)

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6
Q

What is the highest intercostal space a needle could be inserted laterally into the thorax and miss the lung tissue?

A

8th

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7
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the bronchi?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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8
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Where is the most proximal part of the airway in which gas exchange can occur?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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10
Q

When is the pseudoglandular period of embryonic lung development?

What is occurring?

A

6-16 weeks

  • Airway resembles an exocrine gland
  • Branching to terminal bronchiles
  • Epithelium begins to differentiate
  • Blood vessels elaborate
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11
Q

When in embryonic development does the laryngeotracheal diverticulum (lung bud) appear?

A

4-5 weeks

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12
Q

When is the alveolar stage of lung development?

What is occurring?

A

32 weeks - 8 years

  • Alveoli and acni continue to develop
  • More generations of airway branching continue
    • Only 1/2 of adult alveoli are present at birth
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13
Q

Each tertiary bronchi supplies a ______________.

A

Each tertiary bronchi supplies a bronchopulmonary segment.

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14
Q

During the embryonic period, what kind of epithelium is present in the lung bud?

A

Undifferentiated simple cuboidal

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15
Q

When is the sacular (terminal sac) stage of embryonic lung development?

What is occuring?

A

26 weeks - birth

Alveolar epithelium differentiates into type I and type II pneumocytes

Type II pneumocytes begin to produce surfactant

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16
Q

When is the canalicular stage of embryonic lung development?

What is signfiicant about the end of this stage?

A

16-26 weeks

At 26 weeks, breathing is structurally possible (capillaries are close to the lumen, epithelium at alveoli is very thin), but the lungs do not yet produce surfactant (usually 28 weeks)

17
Q

Which structure leaves the impression indicated by arrow #12?

A

Aorta

(This is the left lung)

18
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the bronchioles?

A

There is a transition in epithelium from proximal to distal bronchioles

  • In the large bronchioles
    • Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  • In the terminal bronchioles
    • Simple cuboidal epithelium with club cells
    • No goblet cells, few ciliated cells
19
Q

The lungs extend inferiorly to rib ____ posteriorly and rib _____ anteriorly

A

The lungs extend inferiorly to rib 10** posteriorly and rib **8 anteriorly