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Computer Science > SLR 11 > Flashcards

SLR 11 Flashcards

Networks

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1
Q

What is a network?

A

Multiple devices which are all connected via a cable or through wireless

IN ORDER TO SHARE RESOUCES (IMPORTANT!)

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2
Q

What are the advantages of a network?

A
  1. Users can share files
  2. Users can share peripherals and connections to other networks such as the internet
  3. Users can access files from any computer on the network
  4. Servers can control security, software updates, and backups of data
  5. Allows communication
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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of a network?

A
  1. Increased security risks to data
  2. Malware and viruses spread easily between computers
  3. If a server fails the computers connected may not work
  4. Computers may run slower if there is a lot of data travelling on the network
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4
Q

What is a standard?

A

A set of hardware and software specifications that allow manufacturers to create products which are compatible with each other

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5
Q

Why are standards needed?

A

They are need for devices to interact

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6
Q

What are protocols?

A

They a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between computers

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7
Q

What is TCP?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

Allows for communication over LAN/WANs

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8
Q

What is IP?

A

Internet Protocol

Allows for communication over LAN/WANs

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9
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol

Allows for communication over LAN/WANs. It is similar to TCP but it doesn’t remove errors so its basically useless

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10
Q

What is TCP/IP?

A

TCP and IP combined which makes up the TCP/IP protocol stack, which provides the foundation of all internet communication

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11
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Allows for the client to send and recieve requests and is a fundamental protocol

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12
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

Allows for the client to send and recieve requests and is a fundamental protocol, but SECURE!

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13
Q

What is FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol

Allows for file transfers

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14
Q

What is POP?

A

Post Office Protocol

Takes emails from the server and places it on your device and removes it from the server

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15
Q

What is IMAP?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

Keeps emails on the server after placing it on your device

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16
Q

What is an ISP?

A

An Internet Service Provider

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17
Q

What makes up the backbone of the internet?

A

The ISP is connected to a Domain Name Service (DNS) and other routers make it up

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18
Q

What is layering?

A

Dividing a simple task of networking into smaller and simpler tasks that work in tandem

19
Q

What are the advantages of layering?

A
  1. Reduces a complex problem into a smaller sub-problem
  2. Devices can be manufactured to operate at a particular layer
  3. Products from different vendors will work together
20
Q

What is the TCP/IP protocol stack made up of?

A

The Application Layer-
Network applications operate at this layer

The Transport Layer-
Sets up communication for language and packet-size

Internet Layer-
Addresses routes and packets across a network

Link Layer-
Faciliates transmission

21
Q

What is MAC?

A

Media Access Control

Added the link layer to add the address for:
1. The source device
2. The destination device

22
Q

What does the MAC and IP address do?

A

MAC Address-
Tells me who you are

IP Address-
Tells me where you live

23
Q

How does requesting a url work?

A

When a user requests a url, the domain sends the DNS to find the IP address, then returns it to the browser via a GET request

24
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A LAN is a Local Area Network

They cover a small geographical Area

25
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Wide Area Network

Covers a large geographical area made up of multiple LANs

26
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

A way data is sent

Circuit switching creates a fixed bandwidth between the source and destination throughout the transmission

27
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A way data is sent

Breaks streams of data apart into smaller blocks named packets which guarentees bandwidth but not high quality. This makes it more affordable

28
Q

How does Circuit Switching work?

A
  1. Physical path between source and destination
  2. All packets use the same path
  3. Reserves bandwidth in advance
  4. Can cause a lot of bandwidth wastage
  5. No store and forward transmission
29
Q

How does packet switching work?

A
  1. No physical path
  2. Packets travel independently
  3. Does not reserve bandwidth
  4. No bandwidth wastage
  5. Supports sort and forward transmission
30
Q

What can malware do?

A
  1. Delete, corrupt or encrypt files
  2. Cause computers to crash
  3. Reduce network speeds
  4. Logging keyboard inputs
31
Q

What info can spyware track?

A

Internet surfing habits
Email addresses
Visited web pages
Downloads
Passwords
Credit card numbers
Keystrokes
Cookies

32
Q

What is a DOS?

A

A denial of service attack

Floods servers with useless traffic to overflow it and crash it. This can cause the victim time and money.

33
Q

What is an SQL injection?

A

Where code is injected into text boxes so that the server executes them

34
Q

What is phishing?

A

An online fraud technique used by criminals to make people give out personal information

35
Q

What does pharming do?

A

Sends users to fraudulent websites without their knowledge

36
Q

What can prevent threats by malware?

A

Firewall - blocks unwanted traffic
Anti-malware
Proxy- bans websites
Encryption

37
Q

What are the examples of network hardware?

A

Modems, Routers, Cables, Network Interface Cards (NIC), Wireless Access Points (WAP), Hubs and Switches

38
Q

What does a modem do?

A

Transforms digital stuff from your computer into analogue symbols

From your ethernet/router to the outside world

39
Q

What does a client server allow?

A
  1. Control access and security for stored files
  2. Manages access to the internet
  3. Manages printing jobs
  4. Provides email services
  5. Runs regular backups of data
40
Q

What are the advantages of a client server?

A
  1. Easier to manage file security
  2. Easier to backup stored data
  3. Easier too install software updates to cell computers
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of a client server?

A
  1. Can be expensive to set up and maintain
  2. Requires an IT specialist
  3. The server is the single point of failure
  4. Users will lose network access if the server fails
42
Q

What does a peer-to-peer model work?

A
  1. A peer is a computer connected to a network
  2. A peer is equal to all other peers
  3. Peers serve their own files and are responsible for their own security and data backups
  4. Peers usually have their own printers
  5. Peers can send print jobs to other peers
43
Q

What are the advantages of a peer-to-peer system?

A
  1. Very easy to maintain
  2. No specialist staff needed
  3. No dependency on one computer
  4. Cheap to set up
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of a peer-to-peer system?

A
  1. Less secure
  2. Users need to manage their own backups
  3. Can be difficult to maintain a well-ordered file stored

Computer Science (15 decks)

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