sloan- superficial neck, cervical fascia, cervical triangles

Question 1

contents of Superficial Cervical Fascia

Answer 1

Platysma muscle and external jugular vein

Question 2

3 layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 2

outermost: investing
anterior layer:pretracheal- visceral layer and muscular layer
prevertebral- musculoskeletal layer

Question 3

contents of investing fascia

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius

Question 4

contents of Visceral layer of pretracheal fascia

Answer 4

surrounds larynx, trachea, thyroid gland, esophagus

Question 5

the Visceral layer of pretracheal fascia is continuous with

Answer 5

buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx which is the posterior part of pretracheal fascia

Question 6

contents of Muscular layer of pretracheal fascia

Answer 6

encloses the infrahyoid muscles

Question 7

contents of Prevertebral Fascia

Answer 7

vertebral column and associated muscles

Question 8

contents of Carotid Sheath

Answer 8

internal jugular vein, common and internal carotid artery, vagus nerve

Question 9

WHAT IS THE Retropharyngeal space

Answer 9

potential space between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia, extending
from the base of the skull into the mediastinum

Question 10

Infections of the head can spread inferiorly into the
mediastinum traveling through the

Answer 10

Retropharyngeal Space

Question 11

alar fascia forms a further subdivision of the

Answer 11

retropharyngeal space

Question 12

Attached along the midline of the
buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7, it extends laterally and terminates in the carotid
sheath

Answer 12

alar fascia

Question 13

helps prevent the spread of infection in the neck caused by tissue destruction.

Answer 13

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

INFECTIONS HERE WILL usually not spread past inferior border of manubrium

Question 14

A ________ or infection may spread from the neck into the posterior mediastinum through the ___________

Answer 14

retropharyngeal abscess

retropharyngeal space

Question 15

Posterior Triangle of the Neck

Answer 15

Anterior Border – Sternocleidomastoid m.
Posterior Border – Trapezius m.
Inferior Border – middle 1/3rd of clavicle
floor of the lateral cervical region- formed by the prevertebral fascia overlying four muscles:
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene

Question 16

Posterior triangle is further divided into

divided by

Answer 16

occipital triangle
(superiorly) and the omoclavicular/subclavian triangle (inferiorly)

inferior belly of the omohyoid m

Question 17

contents Occipital triangle

Answer 17

contents are the occipital artery, spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 18

Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle contents

Answer 18

the inferior part of the external jugular vein crosses this triangle
superficially; the subclavian artery lies deep in it

Question 19

Anterior Triangle of Neck

Answer 19

Anterior Border – median line of neck
Posterior Border – anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior Border – inferior border of mandible

Question 20

Anterior triangle is further divided by __________and ___________ into
smaller triangles: __

Answer 20

Anterior triangle is further divided by anterior & posterior digastric and superior belly of the omohyoid into
smaller triangles: muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental triangles

Question 21

Muscular Triangle

Answer 21

Superolateral border – superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral border – anterior border sternocleidomastoid
Medial border – median plane of neck
Contents: infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands

Question 22

Submandibular Triangle

Answer 22

Superior border – inferior border of mandible
Anteroinferior border – anterior belly of digastric
Posteroinferior border – posterior belly of digastric
Floor – mylohyoid and hyoglossus m.
Contents: submandibular gland, facial artery, facial vein, stylohyoid m., part of hypoglossal nerve (CN
XII), lymph nodes

Question 23

Submental Triangle:

Answer 23

Right and Left borders – anterior bellies of right and left digastrics
Inferior border – hyoid
Floor – mylohyoid m.
Contents: Submental lymph nodes

Question 24

Carotid Triangle

Answer 24

Inferomedial Border – superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral border – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Superior border – posterior belly of digastric
Contents: internal carotid A., external carotid A., branches of external carotid A., part of hypoglossal N.,
branches of vagus N

Question 25

difference in nerve supply between the anterior and the posterior bellies of the digastric muscles
results from

Answer 25

m their different embryological origin from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches, respectively.
CN V supplies derivatives of the 1st arch, and CN VII supplies those of the 2nd arch.

Question 26

Sensory Branches of Cervical Plexus (C1—C4)

Answer 26

Great Auricular N.
Lesser Occipital N.
Transverse Cervical N.
Supraclavicular Nerves (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Question 27

Supraclavicular Nerves (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Answer 27

C3, C4
Supplies the skin over the shoulder

Question 28

contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 28

houses the Common Carotid A., the Internal Jugular V. and the Vagus N.

Question 29

branches of external carotid

Answer 29

superior thyroid - gives off superior laryngeal
ascending pharyngeal
lingual a
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal

Question 30

External Jugular Vein is located

Answer 30

in superficial fascia

Question 31

internal jugular vein is located

Answer 31

in carotid sheath

Question 32

the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into

Answer 32

deep inferior cervical lymph nodes

Question 33

the deep cervical lymph nodes

Answer 33

drain into jugular lymphatic trunk

Question 34

Great Auricular N. innervation and action

Answer 34

C2, C3

Supplies the skin over and surrounding the parotid gland, the mastoid process, both surfaces of the
auricle, and an area of skin extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process

Question 35

Lesser Occipital N.
innervation and action

Answer 35

C2
Supplies the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle

Question 36

Transverse Cervical N. innervation and action

Answer 36

C2, C3
Cutaneous innervation to anterolateral cervical region