sloan- superficial neck, cervical fascia, cervical triangles Flashcards
contents of Superficial Cervical Fascia
Platysma muscle and external jugular vein
3 layer of deep cervical fascia
outermost: investing
anterior layer:pretracheal- visceral layer and muscular layer
prevertebral- musculoskeletal layer
contents of investing fascia
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius
contents of Visceral layer of pretracheal fascia
surrounds larynx, trachea, thyroid gland, esophagus
the Visceral layer of pretracheal fascia is continuous with
buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx which is the posterior part of pretracheal fascia
contents of Muscular layer of pretracheal fascia
encloses the infrahyoid muscles
contents of Prevertebral Fascia
vertebral column and associated muscles
contents of Carotid Sheath
internal jugular vein, common and internal carotid artery, vagus nerve
WHAT IS THE Retropharyngeal space
potential space between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia, extending
from the base of the skull into the mediastinum
Infections of the head can spread inferiorly into the
mediastinum traveling through the
Retropharyngeal Space
alar fascia forms a further subdivision of the
retropharyngeal space
Attached along the midline of the
buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7, it extends laterally and terminates in the carotid
sheath
alar fascia
helps prevent the spread of infection in the neck caused by tissue destruction.
investing layer of deep cervical fascia
INFECTIONS HERE WILL usually not spread past inferior border of manubrium
A ________ or infection may spread from the neck into the posterior mediastinum through the ___________
retropharyngeal abscess
retropharyngeal space
Posterior Triangle of the Neck
Anterior Border – Sternocleidomastoid m.
Posterior Border – Trapezius m.
Inferior Border – middle 1/3rd of clavicle
floor of the lateral cervical region- formed by the prevertebral fascia overlying four muscles:
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene
Posterior triangle is further divided into
divided by
occipital triangle
(superiorly) and the omoclavicular/subclavian triangle (inferiorly)
inferior belly of the omohyoid m
contents Occipital triangle
contents are the occipital artery, spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle contents
the inferior part of the external jugular vein crosses this triangle
superficially; the subclavian artery lies deep in it
Anterior Triangle of Neck
Anterior Border – median line of neck
Posterior Border – anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior Border – inferior border of mandible
Anterior triangle is further divided by __________and ___________ into
smaller triangles: __
Anterior triangle is further divided by anterior & posterior digastric and superior belly of the omohyoid into
smaller triangles: muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental triangles
Muscular Triangle
Superolateral border – superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral border – anterior border sternocleidomastoid
Medial border – median plane of neck
Contents: infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands
Submandibular Triangle
Superior border – inferior border of mandible
Anteroinferior border – anterior belly of digastric
Posteroinferior border – posterior belly of digastric
Floor – mylohyoid and hyoglossus m.
Contents: submandibular gland, facial artery, facial vein, stylohyoid m., part of hypoglossal nerve (CN
XII), lymph nodes
Submental Triangle:
Right and Left borders – anterior bellies of right and left digastrics
Inferior border – hyoid
Floor – mylohyoid m.
Contents: Submental lymph nodes
Carotid Triangle
Inferomedial Border – superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral border – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Superior border – posterior belly of digastric
Contents: internal carotid A., external carotid A., branches of external carotid A., part of hypoglossal N.,
branches of vagus N
difference in nerve supply between the anterior and the posterior bellies of the digastric muscles
results from
m their different embryological origin from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches, respectively.
CN V supplies derivatives of the 1st arch, and CN VII supplies those of the 2nd arch.
Sensory Branches of Cervical Plexus (C1—C4)
Great Auricular N.
Lesser Occipital N.
Transverse Cervical N.
Supraclavicular Nerves (medial, intermediate, lateral)
Supraclavicular Nerves (medial, intermediate, lateral)
C3, C4
Supplies the skin over the shoulder
contents of the carotid sheath
houses the Common Carotid A., the Internal Jugular V. and the Vagus N.
branches of external carotid
superior thyroid - gives off superior laryngeal
ascending pharyngeal
lingual a
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
External Jugular Vein is located
in superficial fascia
internal jugular vein is located
in carotid sheath
the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into
deep inferior cervical lymph nodes
the deep cervical lymph nodes
drain into jugular lymphatic trunk
Great Auricular N. innervation and action
C2, C3
Supplies the skin over and surrounding the parotid gland, the mastoid process, both surfaces of the
auricle, and an area of skin extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process
Lesser Occipital N.
innervation and action
C2
Supplies the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle
Transverse Cervical N. innervation and action
C2, C3
Cutaneous innervation to anterolateral cervical region
