SLM primary and secondary prevention

Question 1

Healthy people 2020 goals for exercise (2 of them)

Answer 1

decreases the # of people who do not participate in regular physical activity.
increase the # of people who participate in some type of physical activity for 30 minutes a day

Question 2

What are the benefits of exercise?

Answer 2

weight loss,
lowered BP, cholesterol and glucose levels, increased bone density with less bone loss, improved muscle tone digestion and cognitive functioning.
improved sleep with less fatigue
opportunities for socialization

Question 3

Why are aerobic exercises are beneficial? what types of exercises are aerobic?

Answer 3

aerobic exercises increase the metabolism of oxygen which will increase energy. They also condition the CV system and expand the lungs, improving blood flow to the heart. Exercises like swimming, running, walking, bicycling, jumping rope.

Question 4

What types of exercises should older adults focus on?

Answer 4

exercises that promote flexibility, b/c this will decrease frailty and give the person more strength and energy. Aquatic exercises and weight bearing exercises help maintain functional mobility

Question 5

What is the role of the nurse regarding exercise?

Answer 5

To educate clients on the benefits of exercise, with a focus on improving or maintaining strength, flexibility and balance. Nurses should assist in developing a program with the client that is suitable for the person’s age, condition, and strength, and preferences.

Question 6

T or F: Normal changes of aging, pathoslogical conditions, and environmental deterrents do not prevent the older adult from exercising.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

S&S of exertion from exercise include

Answer 7

dizziness, chest tightness, SOB that does not go away or diminish.

Question 8

How do you calculate the optimal heart rate range for exercise for any given patient?

Answer 8

Formula= 220 - age x 0.65-0.85 = range for heart rate.

Question 9

T or F: New federal guidelines indicate that older adults with chronic conditions can still exercise within the same HR as the middle adult

Answer 9

False, new guidelines that HEALTHY older adults (65+ years) can exercise within the same HR range as middle aged adults.

Question 10

Barriers to sleep

Answer 10

work, lack of physical activity, stress, caffeine, eating large meals prior to bedtime, stimulation (TV, etc.) until time of sleep, health problems like obesity or nocturnal polyuria which make sleep difficult

Question 11

The healthy people 2020 objective for sun exposure is to increase the # of people who protect skin with a goal of ___% of adults using _____?

Answer 11

75% of adults over age 18 who use at least one protective measure, including sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding sunlight 2 hours before and after noon.

Question 12

Describe the “feet first the first time” program. What level of prevention is this?

Answer 12

The program sought to prevent spinal cord injuries in children when diving into swimming pools, lakes and rivers by instructing children to jump into the water with their feet first, for the first time each summer. This program is an example of primary prevention.

Question 13

Immunizations are an example of what level of prevention?

Answer 13

primary prevention

Question 14

What does the meningococcal vaccine prevent? Who is at risk?

Answer 14

The vaccine is said to prevent meningitis which is an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid. Those at risk include: living in crowded or unsanitary environments, school children, college students living in dorms, and prison inmates.

Question 15

HPV and those at risk?

Answer 15

human papillomavirus, the most common STD. those at risk include: those with multiple sex partners, smokers, individuals with herpes simplex, those with lower SES status, and african, native, and indian americans.

Question 16

Hep B vaccine prevents? What groups are at risk for this condition?

Answer 16

prevents hepatitis b and potential complications of liver cancer. Those at risk include: those with many sex partners, gay men, IV drug users, travelers, HC providers, individuals on long term dialysis, inmates.

Question 17

Secondary prevention strategies include

Answer 17

screening for chronic conditions like CV disease, DM and Cancer, or associated risk factors for disease, detection of diseases early on, and early treatment of disease.

Question 18

What conditions are most associated with CV disease and, thus, are necessary to screen for?

Answer 18

stress, obesity, HTN, coronary artery disease, and high cholesterol

Question 19

The ethnic group most at risk for CV disease is?

Answer 19

african americans

Question 20

An individuals risk for HTN rises when their BP is what value? (this is called pre-hypertension)

Answer 20

115/75

Question 21

Recommendations that the nurse should include for p’s with HTN include?

Answer 21

exercising, maintaining a healthy diet, low sodium intake- or no added salt diet.

Question 22

What should normal cholesterol levels be? What values indicate borderline high risk individuals and high risk individuals?

Answer 22

normal should be 240mg/ml

Question 23

High density lipoproteins

Answer 23

normally should be > 60 mg/ml
protect against heart attacks
may even remove excess cholesterol from ateries

Question 24

low density lipoproteins

Answer 24

normally should be < 100 mg/ml
causes atherosclerosis
narrows arteries
increases risk for MI and stroke

Question 25

Angina

Answer 25

chest pain that occurs when inadequate oxygenated blood flows to the heart. S&S include- chest tightness, pressure radiating to arms, neck, jaw, and back, may occur at rest or with exertion.

Question 26

Nurses should educate patients on managing chest pain by doing what?

Answer 26

stopping current activity, sit down and rest, take nitrogylcerin medication if ordered by HCP, call 911 if pain isn’t relieved within 15 minutes.

Question 27

The nurses role in screening for type 2 DM includes?

Answer 27

assessing fasting blood glucose levels, instructing patient to receive annual check up with HCP to diagnose and treat early b/c the disease is deadly.

Question 28

How is type 2 DM diagnosed?

Answer 28

DM is diagnosed by a patient having 2 consecutive fasting blood glucose levels of 125mg/dl or greater.

Question 29

T or F: An individuals overall risk of cancer increases with age.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

How common is prostate cancer among men? When is it particularly important to diagnose it? How do provider’s screen for it?

Answer 30

2nd most common cancer among men.
Important to diagnose it when it localized to the prostate and has not metastasized. Screening methods include: evaluating complaints of symptoms from patient, Prostate specific agent (PSA) blood test, and digital rectal exam.

Question 31

A woman’s risk for breast cancer increases is she…?

Answer 31

has a family history (could have inherited gene), has never had children, or if she had her first child after age 30.

Question 32

What are the recommendations for screening for breast cancer?

Answer 32

Recommendations include receiving an annual mammogram after age 40 and an annual clinical exam.

Question 33

What procedures should be done to screen for cervical cancer? How often should they be performed?

Answer 33

Pap smears and annual clinical examinations, which should be done every year.

Question 34

Nurses would include aotf as risk factors for CERVICAL cancer except:

a) exposure to latex chemicals
b) sexual activity at an early age
c) multiple sex partners
d) IV drug use

Answer 34

d) IV drug use is not one of the stated risk factors for cervical cancer. Two other risk factors are smoking and exposure to environmental carcinogens.