Slides Info Flashcards
- How do you convert 4 meters to centimeters?
100 cm/1 m x 4m=400 cm
- How do you convert 20lbs to kg?
20 lbs x 0.45kg/lb=9 kg
What is standard
deviation?
The variance in your data, or how spread out numbers in your data are.
* A low standard deviation means your data points are close to the
mean.
*A high standard deviation means your data points are more spread out.
How do you calculate SD?
- First calculate the mean
- For each value, subtract the mean
- Square the differences
- Find the mean of the squared differences
- Take the square root to get the standard deviation
Working with your lab group, calculate the standard deviation for the
amplitude of alpha waves from an EEG waveform using the following
values:
* 31 μV
*35 μV
*38 μV
*33 μV
*32 μV
Answer is in the slides
Label a membrane structure diagram
Saturated Fatty Acids/Lipids
–No double bonds
–Linear orientation
Unsaturated Fatty Acids/Lipids
–One or more double bonds
–“kinked”
The degree of saturation in bilayers can affect what?
how well the organism
can withstand certain environmental factors
What do you think would have a lower melting point: unsaturated fatty acid or
saturated fatty acid?
– Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid
at room temperature
Beet pigment
- stored in vacuoles inside the cell
- vacuoles are composed of the same proteins as the
cell membrane
Spectrometer
measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution
Names all the senses
- Vision
- Taste
- Smell
- Touch
–Pain
–Temperature - Equilibrium
- Proprioception
Vision
–380-750nm
- Photoreceptors in retina – send information
to brain
Rods
contrast: light vs dark
cones
color
Label anatomy of the eye
Retina
Three Layers of Cells:
* Rods and Cones
* Bipolar cells
* Ganglion cells
Hearing
Mechanical sound waves converted to
chemical signal in the cochlea
Label ear diagram
Taste
- Receptors found in taste buds
- Four/five different taste receptors
–Sweet
–Salty
–Bitter
–Sour
–Umami
label tongue diagram
Olfaction (Smell)
Receptors for thousands of different odorants
Touch receptors
All located in skin – need various levels of
pressure to activate
Label skin diagram
Nociception
–Consists of four processes
* Transduction
* Transmission
* Perception
* Modulation
Thermoception
–Cold-below 37°C
–Warm-37°C to 45°C
–Above 45°C-nociceptors activated
Equilibrium
Vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
Proprioception
- Positioning of your body and limbs
- Stretch receptors in muscles and joints feed
information to your CNS
Cerebral Cortex: What is it/where is it located?
- Outermost gray matter of cerebrum
- Cell bodies of neurons involved in
specific brain functions - Responsible for individual thoughts
emotion and behavior - Folded to provide greater surface area
EEG: How does it work?
- Measures electrical activity by synchronized activity of neurons.
- Can take thousands of snapshots per second.
EEG: What is the purpose?
- Looks at brain waves
- Determine abnormalities
- Allows determination of which parts of the brain are active at certain
times.
Label each of the EEG wave forms
Medical Applications of an EEG
- Epilepsy/seizures
- Autism
- Tumors
- Stroke
- Alzheimer’s
- Narcolepsy
- Drug Intoxication
- Blood flow
Montreal Procedure
- Used a combination of EEG and surgery to eliminate seizures
- Surgery is performed while patient is conscious
Main Brain Regions
- Cerebral Hemispheres (or telencephalon)
- Diencephalon
- Brain Stem
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Medulla oblongota
Brainstem
Consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Brain stem role in the regulation of what systems?
- Cardiac and respiratory function (medulla oblongata)
- Also plays a role in consciousness and the sleep cycle
Cerebellum
- Maintenance of
balance and posture - Coordinating voluntary
movements - Motor learning
- Cognitive functions
Diencephalon
Thalamus
* Hypothalamus
* Epithalamus
Cerebral Cortex: Lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
Functions of cerebral cortex lobes
Three functions:
* Sensory
* Motor
* Association
Basal Ganglia
Coordination of movement
Limbic system
Behavior and movement
Stretch Reflex
Monosynaptic reflex that
provides automatic
regulation of skeletal muscle
length
When a muscle is
lengthened, the muscle
spindle stretches and nerve
activity ?
increases
Name two protective reflexes
Flexion-Withdrawal
Reflex and Babinski
What can cause reflex disturbance?
- Neuron lesions-upper and lower
- and strokes
