Slides Info

Question 1

1. How do you convert 4 meters to centimeters?

Answer 1

100 cm/1 m x 4m=400 cm

Question 2

2. How do you convert 20lbs to kg?

Answer 2

20 lbs x 0.45kg/lb=9 kg

Question 3

What is standard
deviation?

Answer 3

The variance in your data, or how spread out numbers in your data are.
* A low standard deviation means your data points are close to the
mean.
*A high standard deviation means your data points are more spread out.

Question 4

How do you calculate SD?

Answer 4

1. First calculate the mean
2. For each value, subtract the mean
3. Square the differences
4. Find the mean of the squared differences
5. Take the square root to get the standard deviation

Question 5

Working with your lab group, calculate the standard deviation for the
amplitude of alpha waves from an EEG waveform using the following
values:
* 31 μV
*35 μV
*38 μV
*33 μV
*32 μV

Answer 5

Answer is in the slides

Question 6

Label a membrane structure diagram

Question 7

Saturated Fatty Acids/Lipids

Answer 7

–No double bonds
–Linear orientation

Question 8

Unsaturated Fatty Acids/Lipids

Answer 8

–One or more double bonds
–“kinked”

Question 9

The degree of saturation in bilayers can affect what?

Answer 9

how well the organism
can withstand certain environmental factors

Question 10

What do you think would have a lower melting point: unsaturated fatty acid or
saturated fatty acid?

Answer 10

– Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid
at room temperature

Question 11

Beet pigment

Answer 11

• stored in vacuoles inside the cell
• vacuoles are composed of the same proteins as the
  cell membrane

Question 12

Spectrometer

Answer 12

measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution

Question 13

Names all the senses

Answer 13

• Vision
• Taste
• Smell
• Touch
  –Pain
  –Temperature
• Equilibrium
• Proprioception

Question 14

Vision

Answer 14

–380-750nm
- Photoreceptors in retina – send information
to brain

Question 15

Rods

Answer 15

contrast: light vs dark

Question 16

cones

Answer 16

color

Question 17

Label anatomy of the eye

Question 18

Retina

Answer 18

Three Layers of Cells:
* Rods and Cones
* Bipolar cells
* Ganglion cells

Question 19

Hearing

Answer 19

Mechanical sound waves converted to
chemical signal in the cochlea

Question 20

Label ear diagram

Question 21

Taste

Answer 21

• Receptors found in taste buds
• Four/five different taste receptors
  –Sweet
  –Salty
  –Bitter
  –Sour
  –Umami

Question 22

label tongue diagram

Question 23

Olfaction (Smell)

Answer 23

Receptors for thousands of different odorants

Question 24

Touch receptors

Answer 24

All located in skin – need various levels of
pressure to activate

Question 25

Label skin diagram

Question 26

Nociception

Answer 26

–Consists of four processes * Transduction * Transmission * Perception * Modulation

Question 27

Thermoception

Answer 27

–Cold-below 37°C –Warm-37°C to 45°C –Above 45°C-nociceptors activated

Question 28

Equilibrium

Answer 28

Vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

Question 29

Proprioception

Answer 29

* Positioning of your body and limbs * Stretch receptors in muscles and joints feed information to your CNS

Question 30

Cerebral Cortex: What is it/where is it located?

Answer 30

* Outermost gray matter of cerebrum * Cell bodies of neurons involved in specific brain functions * Responsible for individual thoughts emotion and behavior * Folded to provide greater surface area

Question 31

EEG: How does it work?

Answer 31

* Measures electrical activity by synchronized activity of neurons. * Can take thousands of snapshots per second.

Question 32

EEG: What is the purpose?

Answer 32

* Looks at brain waves * Determine abnormalities * Allows determination of which parts of the brain are active at certain times.

Question 33

Label each of the EEG wave forms

Question 34

Medical Applications of an EEG

Answer 34

* Epilepsy/seizures * Autism * Tumors * Stroke * Alzheimer's * Narcolepsy * Drug Intoxication * Blood flow

Question 35

Montreal Procedure

Answer 35

* Used a combination of EEG and surgery to eliminate seizures * Surgery is performed while patient is conscious

Question 36

Main Brain Regions

Answer 36

* Cerebral Hemispheres (or telencephalon) * Diencephalon * Brain Stem * Cerebellum * Pons * Medulla oblongota

Question 37

Brainstem

Answer 37

Consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 38

Brain stem role in the regulation of what systems?

Answer 38

* Cardiac and respiratory function (medulla oblongata) * Also plays a role in consciousness and the sleep cycle

Question 39

Cerebellum

Answer 39

- Maintenance of balance and posture * Coordinating voluntary movements * Motor learning * Cognitive functions

Question 40

Diencephalon

Answer 40

Thalamus * Hypothalamus * Epithalamus

Question 41

Cerebral Cortex: Lobes

Answer 41

* Frontal * Parietal * Temporal * Occipital

Question 42

Functions of cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 42

Three functions: * Sensory * Motor * Association

Question 43

Basal Ganglia

Answer 43

Coordination of movement

Question 44

Limbic system

Answer 44

Behavior and movement

Question 45

Stretch Reflex

Answer 45

Monosynaptic reflex that provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length

Question 46

When a muscle is lengthened, the muscle spindle stretches and nerve activity ?

Answer 46

increases

Question 47

Name two protective reflexes

Answer 47

Flexion-Withdrawal Reflex and Babinski

Question 48

What can cause reflex disturbance?

Answer 48

* Neuron lesions-upper and lower - and strokes