Slides 60-70

Question 1

Visual Midline Shift Syndrome:

Answer 1

A syndrome characterized by a client’s perception of where midline is skewed (right, left, anterior or posterior)

• client will lean away from the hemiparetic side
• client will complain floor is tilted

Question 2

How to test for midline:

Answer 2

• tell client to tell you when pen held vertically lines up with nose
• bring pen around from one side of face and assess where client says to stop then bring pen around from the other side
• Tell client to tell you when pen held horizontally lines up with eyes
• Bring pen down from crown of head and assess where client says stop and then bring pen from chin up to top of head

Question 3

What is the difference between Opthalomologist and optometrist

Answer 3

Ophthalmologist is medical doctor

Optomotrist is not

Question 4

Opthalomologist

Answer 4

MD

• medical doctor
• specializes in medical and surgical care of the eye
• focus on preventing of eye disease and injury
• prescribe medications

Question 5

Optometrist is

Answer 5

• OD
• not medical doctor
• specializes in examination, diagnosis, treatment and management of disorders of the visual system
• prescribe glasses, prisms, low vision rehab, vision therapy and eye drops

Question 6

Neuro-optometrist

Answer 6

specializes in visual problems following neurological injury

Question 7

Visual acuity

Answer 7

• the ability to distinguish the details and shapes of objects
• central vision- sharpness of vision

Question 8

Visual fields:

Answer 8

Total area that can be seen when looking straight ahead

Question 9

Contrast sensitivity

Answer 9

Ability to perceive differences between an object and its background
-difficult if your reading children’s book, and background

Question 10

Low vision

Answer 10

Visual loss that cannot be corrected with lens and interferes with ADL’s
- can include: impairments in acuity and visual field caused by brain injuries and also considered to be low vision conditions when they result in long-term conditions

Question 11

Legally blind is

Answer 11

20/200

Question 12

Low vision definition:

Answer 12

20/40-> 20/200

Question 13

Normal vision

Answer 13

20/20

Question 14

Visual impairment directly related to aging:

Answer 14

• glucoma
• cataracts
• diabetic retinopathy
• age related macular degeneration

Question 15

Glaucoma

Answer 15

Elevation in intraocular pressure
-may be asymptomatic but if untreated can cause ischemia and degeneration of optic nerve-> leading to progressive blindness

Question 16

Glaucoma-

Answer 16

peripheral vision loss- may occur before a person seeks treatment

• will affect central vision in more advanced stages
• risk factors age genetics diabetes myopia corticosteroids

Question 17

Macular degeneration:

Answer 17

loss of central vision

• usually both eyes
• most often in people over 60 years
• two types wet and dry

Question 18

Macular degeneration Dry:

Answer 18

more common

• atrophic
• 90 percent
• less severe vision loss
• waste products build up under macula

Question 19

Macular degeneration wet

Answer 19

10 percent
less common
more severe
new weak blood vessels may grow under retina causing fluid and blood to leak into the macula

Question 20

Diabetic retinopathy age:

Answer 20

40 and older

Question 21

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 21

increase of cataracts
can eventually lead to retina and blindness
risk factors- smoking, diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholestrol

Question 22

Diabetic retinopathy: consists of two stages

Answer 22

1- non proliferative

2-proliferative

Question 23

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 23

Retinal blood vessels swell and leak fluid into eye

• small areas in retina may close off and areas are deprived of blood leading to cotton-wool spots
• small fluffy white patches in the retina

Question 24

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy:

Answer 24

• impaired circulation causes retina to become oxygen-deprived or ischemic
• to provide oxygen new blood vessels grow on retina
• abnormal vessels are weak and bleed
• attachment of vessels to the retina can lead to retinal tears and retinal detachment

Question 25

Cataracts

Answer 25

cloudiness of the eye lens | -proteins which keep eyes clear and allow light to pass through tend to clump with age

Question 26

Most cataracts are _______ starts w b

Answer 26

bilateral

Question 27

Risk factors for cataracts:

Answer 27

- age - genetics - uv light exposure - smoking - air pollution - heavy alcohol - consumption - diabetes

Question 28

Unable to focus up close is known as:

Answer 28

Presbyopia

Question 29

Aging eye

Answer 29

- slight loss of side vision - unable to focus up close - need for more illumination - eyes take longer to adjust when moving between light and dark

Question 30

Aging eyes:

Answer 30

- glare may be bothersome - contrast between similar colors - dry eyes - excessive tears - floaters

Question 31

Most common outward sign that there is a vision problem:

Answer 31

client tilting their head

Question 32

signs of central vision loss:

Answer 32

gradual loss of color vision

Question 33

most common sign of macular degeneration is:

Answer 33

dark or empty area appearing in the center of their vision

Question 34

Distorted vision

Answer 34

counter top seeings wavy edges

Question 35

when should eye exam be for someone with diabetes:

Answer 35

within 6 months

Question 36

no diabetes eye exam:

Answer 36

1 year

Question 37

Amsler grid:

Answer 37

Wear your reading glasses - sit 14 inches away from screen - cover left eye and focus on grid - look at dot lines hold still be there - make sure no lines are distorted or broken