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Visual > Slides 60-70 > Flashcards

Slides 60-70 Flashcards

1
Q

Visual Midline Shift Syndrome:

A

A syndrome characterized by a client’s perception of where midline is skewed (right, left, anterior or posterior)

  • client will lean away from the hemiparetic side
  • client will complain floor is tilted
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2
Q

How to test for midline:

A
  • tell client to tell you when pen held vertically lines up with nose
  • bring pen around from one side of face and assess where client says to stop then bring pen around from the other side
  • Tell client to tell you when pen held horizontally lines up with eyes
  • Bring pen down from crown of head and assess where client says stop and then bring pen from chin up to top of head
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3
Q

What is the difference between Opthalomologist and optometrist

A

Ophthalmologist is medical doctor

Optomotrist is not

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4
Q

Opthalomologist

A

MD

  • medical doctor
  • specializes in medical and surgical care of the eye
  • focus on preventing of eye disease and injury
  • prescribe medications
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5
Q

Optometrist is

A
  • OD
  • not medical doctor
  • specializes in examination, diagnosis, treatment and management of disorders of the visual system
  • prescribe glasses, prisms, low vision rehab, vision therapy and eye drops
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6
Q

Neuro-optometrist

A

specializes in visual problems following neurological injury

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7
Q

Visual acuity

A
  • the ability to distinguish the details and shapes of objects
  • central vision- sharpness of vision
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8
Q

Visual fields:

A

Total area that can be seen when looking straight ahead

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9
Q

Contrast sensitivity

A

Ability to perceive differences between an object and its background
-difficult if your reading children’s book, and background

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10
Q

Low vision

A

Visual loss that cannot be corrected with lens and interferes with ADL’s
- can include: impairments in acuity and visual field caused by brain injuries and also considered to be low vision conditions when they result in long-term conditions

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11
Q

Legally blind is

A

20/200

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12
Q

Low vision definition:

A

20/40-> 20/200

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13
Q

Normal vision

A

20/20

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14
Q

Visual impairment directly related to aging:

A
  • glucoma
  • cataracts
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • age related macular degeneration
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15
Q

Glaucoma

A

Elevation in intraocular pressure
-may be asymptomatic but if untreated can cause ischemia and degeneration of optic nerve-> leading to progressive blindness

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16
Q

Glaucoma-

A

peripheral vision loss- may occur before a person seeks treatment

  • will affect central vision in more advanced stages
  • risk factors age genetics diabetes myopia corticosteroids
17
Q

Macular degeneration:

A

loss of central vision

  • usually both eyes
  • most often in people over 60 years
  • two types wet and dry
18
Q

Macular degeneration Dry:

A

more common

  • atrophic
  • 90 percent
  • less severe vision loss
  • waste products build up under macula
19
Q

Macular degeneration wet

A

10 percent
less common
more severe
new weak blood vessels may grow under retina causing fluid and blood to leak into the macula

20
Q

Diabetic retinopathy age:

A

40 and older

21
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

increase of cataracts
can eventually lead to retina and blindness
risk factors- smoking, diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholestrol

22
Q

Diabetic retinopathy: consists of two stages

A

1- non proliferative

2-proliferative

23
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal blood vessels swell and leak fluid into eye

  • small areas in retina may close off and areas are deprived of blood leading to cotton-wool spots
  • small fluffy white patches in the retina
24
Q

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy:

A
  • impaired circulation causes retina to become oxygen-deprived or ischemic
  • to provide oxygen new blood vessels grow on retina
  • abnormal vessels are weak and bleed
  • attachment of vessels to the retina can lead to retinal tears and retinal detachment
25
Q

Cataracts

A

cloudiness of the eye lens

-proteins which keep eyes clear and allow light to pass through tend to clump with age

26
Q

Most cataracts are _______ starts w b

A

bilateral

27
Q

Risk factors for cataracts:

A
  • age
  • genetics
  • uv light exposure
  • smoking
  • air pollution
  • heavy alcohol
  • consumption
  • diabetes
28
Q

Unable to focus up close is known as:

A

Presbyopia

29
Q

Aging eye

A
  • slight loss of side vision
  • unable to focus up close
  • need for more illumination
  • eyes take longer to adjust when moving between light and dark
30
Q

Aging eyes:

A
  • glare may be bothersome
  • contrast between similar colors
  • dry eyes
  • excessive tears
  • floaters
31
Q

Most common outward sign that there is a vision problem:

A

client tilting their head

32
Q

signs of central vision loss:

A

gradual loss of color vision

33
Q

most common sign of macular degeneration is:

A

dark or empty area appearing in the center of their vision

34
Q

Distorted vision

A

counter top seeings wavy edges

35
Q

when should eye exam be for someone with diabetes:

A

within 6 months

36
Q

no diabetes eye exam:

A

1 year

37
Q

Amsler grid:

A

Wear your reading glasses

  • sit 14 inches away from screen
  • cover left eye and focus on grid
  • look at dot lines hold still be there
  • make sure no lines are distorted or broken

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