Slides 60-70 Flashcards
Visual Midline Shift Syndrome:
A syndrome characterized by a client’s perception of where midline is skewed (right, left, anterior or posterior)
- client will lean away from the hemiparetic side
- client will complain floor is tilted
How to test for midline:
- tell client to tell you when pen held vertically lines up with nose
- bring pen around from one side of face and assess where client says to stop then bring pen around from the other side
- Tell client to tell you when pen held horizontally lines up with eyes
- Bring pen down from crown of head and assess where client says stop and then bring pen from chin up to top of head
What is the difference between Opthalomologist and optometrist
Ophthalmologist is medical doctor
Optomotrist is not
Opthalomologist
MD
- medical doctor
- specializes in medical and surgical care of the eye
- focus on preventing of eye disease and injury
- prescribe medications
Optometrist is
- OD
- not medical doctor
- specializes in examination, diagnosis, treatment and management of disorders of the visual system
- prescribe glasses, prisms, low vision rehab, vision therapy and eye drops
Neuro-optometrist
specializes in visual problems following neurological injury
Visual acuity
- the ability to distinguish the details and shapes of objects
- central vision- sharpness of vision
Visual fields:
Total area that can be seen when looking straight ahead
Contrast sensitivity
Ability to perceive differences between an object and its background
-difficult if your reading children’s book, and background
Low vision
Visual loss that cannot be corrected with lens and interferes with ADL’s
- can include: impairments in acuity and visual field caused by brain injuries and also considered to be low vision conditions when they result in long-term conditions
Legally blind is
20/200
Low vision definition:
20/40-> 20/200
Normal vision
20/20
Visual impairment directly related to aging:
- glucoma
- cataracts
- diabetic retinopathy
- age related macular degeneration
Glaucoma
Elevation in intraocular pressure
-may be asymptomatic but if untreated can cause ischemia and degeneration of optic nerve-> leading to progressive blindness
Glaucoma-
peripheral vision loss- may occur before a person seeks treatment
- will affect central vision in more advanced stages
- risk factors age genetics diabetes myopia corticosteroids
Macular degeneration:
loss of central vision
- usually both eyes
- most often in people over 60 years
- two types wet and dry
Macular degeneration Dry:
more common
- atrophic
- 90 percent
- less severe vision loss
- waste products build up under macula
Macular degeneration wet
10 percent
less common
more severe
new weak blood vessels may grow under retina causing fluid and blood to leak into the macula
Diabetic retinopathy age:
40 and older
Diabetic retinopathy
increase of cataracts
can eventually lead to retina and blindness
risk factors- smoking, diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholestrol
Diabetic retinopathy: consists of two stages
1- non proliferative
2-proliferative
Diabetic retinopathy
Retinal blood vessels swell and leak fluid into eye
- small areas in retina may close off and areas are deprived of blood leading to cotton-wool spots
- small fluffy white patches in the retina
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy:
- impaired circulation causes retina to become oxygen-deprived or ischemic
- to provide oxygen new blood vessels grow on retina
- abnormal vessels are weak and bleed
- attachment of vessels to the retina can lead to retinal tears and retinal detachment
Cataracts
cloudiness of the eye lens
-proteins which keep eyes clear and allow light to pass through tend to clump with age
Most cataracts are _______ starts w b
bilateral
Risk factors for cataracts:
- age
- genetics
- uv light exposure
- smoking
- air pollution
- heavy alcohol
- consumption
- diabetes
Unable to focus up close is known as:
Presbyopia
Aging eye
- slight loss of side vision
- unable to focus up close
- need for more illumination
- eyes take longer to adjust when moving between light and dark
Aging eyes:
- glare may be bothersome
- contrast between similar colors
- dry eyes
- excessive tears
- floaters
Most common outward sign that there is a vision problem:
client tilting their head
signs of central vision loss:
gradual loss of color vision
most common sign of macular degeneration is:
dark or empty area appearing in the center of their vision
Distorted vision
counter top seeings wavy edges
when should eye exam be for someone with diabetes:
within 6 months
no diabetes eye exam:
1 year
Amsler grid:
Wear your reading glasses
- sit 14 inches away from screen
- cover left eye and focus on grid
- look at dot lines hold still be there
- make sure no lines are distorted or broken
