Slides 100-50 Flashcards
Formal vision-related questionnaire:
National eye institute 25-item visual function questionnaire and Melbourne low-vision activities of daily living index
Amsler Grid:
- wear your reading glasses
- 14 inches from screen
- focus on black dot
- notice if any lines look broken or distorted
- if you notice any blurred lines contact doctor opthalmologist
Last eye exam should be within ___ months for patient with diabetes
6 M
eye exam should be within ______ year
1
What is distorted vision
clients will see straight eyes, say a countertop appearing as wavy lines
Sign for central vision loss
- loss of color vision
- dark spot in middle
What is the most common outward sign that client has a vision problem:
Client tilting their head in order to use their remaining peripheral vision
Aging eye
- glare bothersome
- contrast between similar colors
- dry eyes or tears
- floaters
Presbyopia
unable to focus up close
Cataracts happen for people ages
40 and older
what is a cataract
- cloudiness of eye lens
- proteins which keep the lens clear and allow light to pass through tend to clump with age causing cloudiness
- fogging
Most cataracts are
Bilateral
Risk factors of cataract
- age
- genetics
- uv light
- smoking
- air pollution
- heavy alcohol
- consumption
- diabetes
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- impaired circulation causes the retina to become oxygen deprived or ischemic
- to provide oxygen new abnormal blood vessels grow and proliferate on the retina
- abnormal vessels are weak and bleed
- attachment of vessels to the retina can lead to retinal tears and retinal detachment
Diabetic Retinopathy:
- Retinal blood vessels swell and leak fluid and small amounts of blood into the eye
- Small arteries within the retina may close off and areas are deprived of blood leading to cotton-wool spots
- small fluffy white patches in the retina
Diabetic Retinopathy
affects 4.5 million Americans aged 40 and older
- increases likelihood of developing cataracts
- lead to blindness
- risk factors- diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, of black or hispanic decent
Progressive disease consisting of two stages:
- non-proliferative
2. proliferative
Wet macular degeneration
- exudative
- less common- 10 %
- more severe vision loss
- new weak blood vessels may grow in or under the retina causing fluid and blood to leak into the space under the macula
Dry macular degeneration
- atrophic
- more common
- less severe vision loss
- Occurs because waste products accumulate beneath macula, forming yellowish deposits called drusen
- drusen interferes with blood flow to the retina
- less blood flow causes macular cells to atrophy
Macular degeneration
- loss of central vision
- most often in people aged over 60
- dry and wet
- risk factors- age, smoking, genetics, high blood pressure, obesity, exposure to sunlight
Glaucoma
significant peripheral vision loss may occur before a person seeks treatment
- will affect central vision in more advanced stages
- risk factors- age, genetics, diabetes, myopia, corticosteroids
Glucoma
elevation in intraocular pressure
- initially may be asymptomatic but if untreated can cause ischemia and degeneration of optic nerve
- leading to progressive blindness
