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Genetics > Slides 2 > Flashcards

Slides 2 Flashcards

Chromosome Sex-Link

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genes are on:

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

The segregation pattern of genes is due to

A

the segregation pattern of the chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization

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3
Q

What are the three classification of centromere position:

A

(1) Telocentric
(2) Acrocentric
(3) Metacentric

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4
Q

What is the telocentric centromere position:

A

located near end

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5
Q

What is the acrocentric centromere position

A

Between midpoint and end

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6
Q

What is the metacentric centromere position?

A

midpoint

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7
Q

Genes are located on:

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

Genes are in a ___

A

Genes are in a fixed linear order that is the same for organisms of the same species

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9
Q

Each species has a __ set of chromosomes

A

fixed

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10
Q

Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes

A

23 pairs or 46 in total

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11
Q

Mice have__ pairs of chromosomes

A

20

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12
Q

Pairs of chromosomes are called

A

homologous pairs of chromosomes or homologs

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13
Q

The average human chromosome carries about ___ genes

A

1000

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

How do we know that chromosomes carry genes?

A

Experimentally this was established by observing patterns of inheritance of traits that was in accordance with the pattern of inheritance on chromoson=mes

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16
Q

sex determination agreed with:

A

chromosomal inheritance of the X and Y chromosomes. An unusual pattern of inheritance of genes on the x chromosomes confirmed that genes were on the chromosomes

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17
Q

reproductive cells are produced by

A

MEIOSIS,
a specialized cell division.

18
Q

__ account for the Mendel’s Laws.

A

Chromosome segregation during MEIOSIS

19
Q

Define karyotype:

A

The complete set of chromosomes of an organism.

20
Q

Mitosis:

A

One replication of chromosomes is followed by one cell division.
The number of chromosomes, and their composition is conserved

21
Q

Meiosis:

A

one replication of chromosomes is followed by two cell divisions.
The resulting cells have one half the number of chromosomes, but comprise one
complete set.

22
Q

A chromosome is
composed of:

A

One continuous
piece of double
stranded DNA.

23
Q

Different alleles
of one gene
differ by

A

small differences in their DNA
sequence.

24
Q

The genetic content of a cell is conserved during mitosis.
Each cell has:

A

two copies of the genome.

25
Q

Meiosis produces reproductive cells each with

A

one complete copy of the genome.

26
Q

___ explains the segregation of alleles and genes.

A

Segregation of the chromosomes

27
Q

The pairing of homologous chromosome pairs is seen
at:

A

meiosis 1

28
Q

The pairing of homologous chromosome pairs is seen
at meiosis 1. The configuration is called a:

A

Bivalent

29
Q

Crossing-over - or breakage and reunification of chromosome
arms between homologous chromosomes occurs at:

A

Meiosis 1

30
Q

Model organisms for genetics are chosen for advantages such as:

A

A fast reproductive cycle
Many offspring
Small size and easy rearing conditions
Small genomes

30
Q

Crossing over is:

A

the basis of genetic mapping that will be
discussed in a few weeks.

31
Q

Sex in animals is determined by:

A

Sex chromosomes

32
Q

Human females have:

A

Two X chromosomes

33
Q

Males have:

A

One X and one Y

34
Q

___ is necessary for male fertility.

A

The human Y chromosome

35
Q

The Y chromosome carries:

A

Few genes

36
Q

The X chromosome carries:

A

Many genes

37
Q

Traits controlled by genes on the __ chromosome do not show
Mendel’s classical ratios of inheritance because the male
doesn’t carry two copies of the genes on the X chromosome.

A

X chromosome

38
Q

Genes that are on the sex chromosomes:

A

Do not show
classical Mendelian segregation.

39
Q

The traits for ___ are inherited in the two sexes at different
frequencies.

A

Genes that are on the sex chromosomes

40
Q

What are some key indicators of sex linked traits:

A

(A) The frequencies of phenotypes among male and female offspring are different.

(B) The outcome of a cross is different if the male parent caries the mutant phenotype or if the female parent
carries the mutant phenotype.

(C) Traits tend to pass from mother to son or father to daughter.

(D) Traits that have a higher frequency of expression in one
sex.

41
Q

In females, one X chromosome is

A

inactivated in each cell.
The particular X chromosome that is inactivated varies in different areas of the body. This causes sectors with different phenotype.
(ex: female calico cats)

Genetics (12 decks)

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