Slides

Question 1

Which of the VITAMINS are consistent with the actions of steroid hormones

Answer 1

(vit. A/D).

Question 2

Which of the VITAMIN derivatives can act as signal transduction mediators

Answer 2

(vit. A/E),

Question 3

Which of the VITAMINS are antioxidants

Answer 3

(vit. C, E),

Question 4

Which VITAMINS are fat soluble

Answer 4

A,D,K,E

A = Retinol 
D = Calciferol = vitamin D 
K = Phylloquinone (K1) and menaquinones (K2) 
E = Tocopherol

Question 5

Which vitamins are Watersoluble Non-B-Complex

Answer 5

 Ascorbic acid = vitamin C

Question 6

Which vitamins are Watersoluble B-Complex
ENERGY RELEASING

Answer 6

B1, B2, B3, B5, VIT H,

 Thiamine, aneurin = B1
 Riboflavin = B2
 Niacin = B3
 Panthotenic acid = B5
 Biotin (Vit H)

Question 7

Which vitamins are Watersoluble B-Complex
HAEMATOPOETIC

Answer 7

B4, B12

Folic acid (folate) = B4-vitamin 
Cobalamin = B12

Question 8

Which vitamins are Watersoluble B-Complex
OTHER

Answer 8

Pyridoxine = B6
+++

(There are also VITAMIN-LIKE-FACTORS)

Question 9

Effects of high-dose vitamins:

Answer 9

 positive
 E.g.: vitamin E,
(antioxidant, immunstimulation, storage time of meat),

 neutral,

 toxic (vitamin A /D)

Question 10

Least sensitive VITAMIN to light

Answer 10

Biotin, Pathothenic Acid(B5), Niacin, VIT C

Question 11

Most sensitive VITAMIN to light

Answer 11

A, D, K, Riboflavin(B2)

Question 12

Most sensitive VITAMIN to oxidizing agents

Answer 12

A, D, C and Follic Acid(B4)

Question 13

Factors Affecting Vitamin Stability
very sensitive

Answer 13

(vit. C),

Question 14

Factors Affecting Vitamin Stability
moderately sensitive

Answer 14

(B-vit.),

Question 15

Factors Affecting Vitamin Stability
stabile (choline)

Answer 15

(choline)

Question 16

NEWLY DESCOVERED ROLE OF
VITAMINS

Answer 16

 I. IMMUNOSTIMULATION

 II. ANTICANCER EFFECT:
 Tumor cells may be eliminated by: macrophages, natural killer cells and, cytotoxic T-cells.
 The activity of these cells can be stimulated both by β- and α- carotene.

 III. PREVENTION OF MALFORMATION
 biotin, folic acid (spina bifida - human)

 IV. DETOXIFYING
 vit. C- és E: against mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1) in chicks,

 V. MORE LEAN MEAT: 3-5x vit. B (pig)

 VI. FLUSHING LIKE EFFECT: biotin, folic acid (sow)

Question 17

Fuction of Beta-Carotene

Answer 17

Function:
 protection of biomembaranes,
 Immun stimulant,
 anti-cancer,
 synthesis of progesterone (cattle, deer),

Question 18

Beta-carotene
Deficiencysyndrome:

Answer 18

 Troubles of the ovulation (only for cattle),
lowLH,.Β-carotene deficiency in cows prolongs the oestrus period, delays ovulation, increases abortions and early embryonic death rates, weakens the oestrus signs, increases ovarian cysts, retained placenta and metritis risk, increases delivery rates of dead, weak, and blind calves and reduces fertility

Question 19

Vitamin A
Function

Answer 19

 Vision (essential component of rhodopsin, a protein that absorbs light in the retinal receptors),
 supports cell growth and differentiation,
 Bone development,
 Skin, mucosa protection, maintenance of normal epithelium,
 normal functioning of the immune system stimulates the production and activity of white blood cells,
 Antioxidant,
 Implantation, embryonic development

Question 20

Where can you find VIT A

Answer 20

Sources: liver, butter, egg yolk, fish oil, animal origin foods!

Question 21

Where can you find Beta-Carotene

Answer 21

Sources: carrot, dark leafy greens, such as kale and spinach,

Question 22

VIT A DEFICIENCY

Answer 22

• Toxikosis:

 Exostosis (cat-liver diet)  Hypervitaminosis A in cats may coincide with a stiff neck and/or enlarged joints from the front and hind legs (mainly elbow and stifle joint) due to ankylosis, dull hair coat, change in character (probably due to hypersensitivity and/or bone pain), anorexia, and weight loss.

• Deficiency syndromes:
  
  • DOG: dermatosis
  • Fetal PIGS: Herniation of the spinal cord
  • SOW: fertility problems,
  • Avian:
    
    • ​Disturbances of the eyes and the epithelial tissues of the respiratory, reproductive, nervous, urinary, and digestive systems.
    • Keratinization of oesophageal mucosa in vitamin A-deficient chicken, with an accumulation of dead cells around gland duct. Infection risk is increased
    • Renal failure, urate crystals
  • CALF:
    
    • Papilloedema, Blindness, caused by increased cerebrospinal liquor pressure (do not mix with the biochemical night blindness-rhodopsin), microphthalmos, corneal dermoid, mouth ulceration
    • Cornea ulcer, conjuctivitis,
       ascites, generalized oedema,
  • Fish: bleeding,
  • • Nyctalopia or night blindness (Human)