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Nutrittion PQ > PQ > Flashcards

PQ Flashcards

1
Q

1) A high yielding dairy cow has an increased demand for … in her daily ration.
● MP
● NPN
● RDP
● UDP

A

● MP

Know measurements of oxidative rancidity + peroxide value + anside values for secondary oxidation products Acid number 15-40 = okay, above 80 = rancid Peroxide number 5-10 okay, above 10 rancid

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2
Q

2) Typical living circumstances of rumen flora & fauna:
● Strictly anaerobic system
● Continuous acid production
● Almost constant pH
● All

A

● All

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3
Q

3) The energy requirement of ruminants is expressed with this unit of measure:
● MJ / kg feed
● MJ / kg DM
● kJ / kg DM
● MJ / day

A

● MJ / day

Mj/kg feed in other animals Mj/day used in cows

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4
Q

4) When using the proximate analysis of feeds, it is calculated (not chemically determined) value of the feed:
● Water content
● Nitrogen-free extract (NfE)
● Both
● Neither

A

● Both

In proximate analysis water content, NfE and OM are calculated. The rest is found out by chemical tests

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5
Q

5) In close-up dry cows, the negative DCAD diet:
● Increases blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and increased absorption from the gut
● Reduces blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and excreting through the kidneys
● Increases blood calcium levels by higher reabsorption of phosphorus through kidneys
● Reduces blood calcium levels by reduced absorption of calcium from the intestine and increased gastrointestinal loss

A

● Increases blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and increased absorption from the gut

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6
Q

6) Disease caused by selenium deficiency
● White muscle disease
● Lethal acrodermatitis
● Alimentary infertility
● Alkali disease

A

● White muscle disease

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7
Q

7) CAB value reflects the effects of … on the acid-base status.
● Dietary organic cations and anions
● Dietary inorganic cations and anions
● Both of organic and inorganic cations and anions
● Dietary supplements

 

A

● Dietary inorganic cations and anions

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8
Q

8) In this animal, the blood serum is used to control the beta-carotene supply:
● Sheep
● Horse
● Both
● Neither

A

● Both

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9
Q

9) It can be used for flushing in sows:
● Mg
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin E
● Biotin

A

● Biotin

  • Flushing in: Su: Biotin and folic acid
  • Eq: B-carotene, Vit A, E and Se
  • Sheep/goat: Zn
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10
Q

10) Its quantity in the feed is determined by Kjeldahl methods:
● Nitrogen-free extract (NfE)
● Ether Extract (EE)
● Crude Protein (CP)
● Crude Fibre (CF)

A

● Crude Protein (CP)

CP - Kjeldahl method

EE - Soxhlet method

Inorganic compounds - Muffle furnace analysis

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11
Q

11) What is the meaning of RDP ?
● Readily Digestible Polysaccharide
● Rapidly Degradable Protein
● Rumen Degradable Polysaccharide
● Rumen Degradable Protein

A

● Rumen Degradable Protein

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12
Q

12) In case of lactic acidosis these bacteria are dominant in the rumen:
● Ruminobacter amylophylus
● Ruminococcus albus
● Streptococcus bovis
● All

A

● Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus Bovis degrades starch into lactic acid mostly therefore we will see lactacidosis

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13
Q

13) The … paper contains the priority of EU’s food safety policy.
● Blue
● Yellow
● White
● Red

A

● White

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14
Q

14) The most important anti-nutritive factors in full-fat soybean are
● Goitrogens
● Tannic acids
● Trypsin inhibitors
● Gossypols

A

● Trypsin inhibitors

Soy bean = Lectins and trypsin inhibitors

Rapeseeds = Tannic acid, erucic acid, glucosinolates

Linseed = Linamarin

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15
Q

15) Which statement is false for green forages ?
● These are cheap and palatable feeds
● Their nutrient contents quite variable
● With the maturity, the digestibility of their nutrient contents improves
● These are generally low in readily available carbohydrates

A

● With the maturity, the digestibility of their nutrient contents improves

Green foraged = cheap, voluminous (lot of water or air but little DM)

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16
Q

16) Characteristics of silage making:
● Conservation by aerobic fermentation
● High-moisture forage conserved
● Acetic acid produced mainly
● Chopping followed by wilting

A

● High-moisture forage conserved

Harvest and chopping of high moisture forage + anaerobic fermentation in silo (press aur out) + cover to stay anaerobic - lactic acid will be produced

Haylage = low moisture

At first, there will always be O2 left but this will be used up by plants enzymes which will produce water and heat - this should take one day - if it takes too long the heat will be too much and the silage will be bad quality

Facultative bacteria will start fermentation and produce VFAs and this period should also be short (transitional phase) - the pH will be lowered so that lactobacilli will grow.

Now lactobacilli will grow and lower the pH - low pH will block all the other bacteria and then when it gets too low it will stop the growth of the lactobacilli itself and we will have STEADY STATE

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17
Q

17) Which vitamin does not have an energy-releasing function ?
● Vitamin B1
● Vitamin B2
● Vitamin B6
● Biotin

A

● Vitamin B6

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18
Q

18) If wet beet pulp is given to the dairy cow, the daily ration must supplemented with
● Protein
● Fibre
● Both
● Neither

A

● Both

Sugar beet pulp is high in energy - NfE = risk of rumen acidosis due to high amount of readily available carbohydrates like sucrose

• Very low in protein

• Low in fibre

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19
Q

These feedstuffs, that is the limiting essential a.a.:

  • Lys
  • Trp
  • Met
  • Thr
A

……Fodder Pea………

…………Lupin…………

…Full-Fat soy bean…..

Met

(Lys higher than Met in grain legumes​)

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20
Q

This mycotoxin has a pronounced immunosuppressive effects:

T-2

DON

Both

Neither

A

Both

(Vomitox in DON)

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21
Q

Biochemical marker used for control of specific mineral supply

Selenium

Vitamin B6

Ferritin

Coeruloplasmin

A

Coeruloplasmin

Biochemical markers (functional forms)

  • Vitamin B12 rather than cobalt
  • Triiodothyronine rather than copper
  • Glutathione peroxidase rather than selenium
  • Copper (copper: zinc) superoxide dismutase
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22
Q
  1. What is this feedstuff ?
  • Wheat bran
  • Brewers grains
  • Malt sprouts
  • Extracted sunflower meal
A

Malt sprouts

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23
Q

Which statement is false ?

EU’s food safety policy is to keep contaminants away from feed

The feed safety does not consider the hazards caused by new and unconventional agro-industrial by products.

Feeds can cause the contamination of foods

Consignments of non-animal origin feeds have not controlled by TRAECES

A

The feed safety does not consider the hazards caused by new and unconventional agro-industrial by products.

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24
Q

It can bind mycotoxins (ex: Aflatoxin):

Zeolite

ZnO

MgO

Lecithin

A

Zeolite - Zeolite and bentonite bind aflatoxin

Lecthin = an antinutritive factor

Decrease the amount of antinutritives + genetic engineering of plants + fermentation cooking etc + heat + exogenous phytates

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25
Q

The pH of corn silage is:

Always higher than that of alfalfa haylage

As much as that of alfalfa haylage

Always lower than that of alfalfa haylage

Lower than of alfalfa haylage if it has been wilted

A

Always lower than that of alfalfa haylage

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26
Q

Both UDP and by-pass fat sources:

Raw full-fat soybean meal

Heat treated extracted soybean meal

Hot-pressed rapeseed cake

All

A

Hot-pressed rapeseed cake

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27
Q

These are the consequences of high-concentrate ration of racehorses:

Lower DCAB, increased blood pH

Lower DCAB, decreased blood pH

Higher DCAB, increased blood pH

Higher DCAB, decreased blood pH

A

Higher DCAB, increased blood pH

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28
Q

Concentrated feed/s is/are the following:

Dried whey powder

Brewers grains

Dehydrated alfalfa meal

All

A

All

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29
Q
  1. The approximate daily amount of meadow hay for a horse is:
    • 3 -4 kg
    • 5 kg
    • 10 kg
    • 15 kg
A

10 kg

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30
Q

This feedstuff has CP content of:

A

Fish Meal

60-70%

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31
Q

One of its toxicity syndromes is exostosis on cervical vertebrae in cats:

  • Ca
  • P
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin A
A

Vitamin A

Vitamin A hypervitaminosis causes exostosis

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32
Q

Physiological function/s of the intestinal flora:

Degradation of bile salts

Production of volatile fatty acids

Both

Neither

A

Both

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33
Q

The chemical score (CS) reflects

Crude protein content of the feedstuff

Digestible crude protein of the feedstuff

Amino acid content of the feed protein

Quantity of one essential a.a. in the feed protein

A

Amino acid content of the feed protein

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34
Q

Non-infectious abortion may be caused by:

Glucans of barley

Pentosans of rye

Endophytes of fescue grass

Acetic acid content of corn silage

A

Endophytes of fescue grass

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35
Q

The application of long-term control of feed intake in dairy cows can be used to prevent

Low milk fat syndrome

Rumen acidosis

Milk fever

Ketosis

A

Ketosis

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36
Q

Calculation of the apparent digestibility of nutrients:

Nutrient intake divided by absorbed nutrients

Absorbed nutrients divided by nutrient intake

Nutrient intake minus nutrient output

Nutrient intake divided by nutrient output

A

Absorbed nutrients divided by nutrient intake

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37
Q

Antinutritive effect of lectins

May cause bitter taste, feed refusal

Reduces enzymatic protein digestion

Binds to intestinal epithelial cells, may cause alimental allergy

Binds phosphorus and thus it cannot be absorbed

A

Reduces enzymatic protein digestion

(May cause bitter taste, feed refusal = Saponins)

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38
Q

Role of omega 3 fatty acids in chronic diseases

Reduces production of omega 6 fatty acids, thereby production of arachidonic acid

Precursor of arachidonic acid assisting in immune response

Has a prothrombin effects

Reduces EPA and DHA levels, thereby reducing the production of arachidonic acid

A

Reduces production of omega 6 fatty acids, thereby production of arachidonic acid

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39
Q

What is/ are the physiological effect/s of yeast in rumen ?

Oxygen scavenging

Consumption of sugar

Stimulation of lactic acid consuming bacteria

All

A

Stimulation of lactic acid consuming bacteria

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40
Q

Role of glutamine supplementation in critical illness

Glucogenic, improves energy balance

Assists in renal ammonia genesis during increased protein metabolism

Gluconeogenic metabolite, helps to store glycogen in the liver

Reduces glutathione synthesis

A

Assists in renal ammonia genesis during increased protein metabolism

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41
Q

In the metabolizable protein system, the energy supply of rumen microbes is expressed by

Metabolizable organic matter

Digestible energy

Metabolizable energy

Fermentable organic matter

A

Fermentable organic matter

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42
Q

This feedstuff has CP content of:

A

Barley

11%

10 - 13% in cereal grains

This is barley - barley is special regarding CF since CF = 6% and not just 2 - 3%

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43
Q

Characteristics of voluminous feeds:

High energy content related to volume

Low dry matter content related to volume

High dry matter content related to the moisture content

Low dry matter content related to the moisture content

A

Low dry matter content related to volume

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44
Q

Onset of puberty is closely correlated to:

Protein supply

Energy supply

Vitamin supply

Essential fatty acid supply

A

Essential fatty acid supply

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45
Q

To formulate a ration in dairy cows, the following data are needed:

BW

Milk protein content (%)

Milk fat content (%)

All

A

All

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46
Q

What is the limiting / anti-nutritive factor of extracted sunflower meal ?

Goitrogens

Erucic acid

Met

Crude fibre content

A

Crude fiber content

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47
Q

Their DE content is between:

A

………Sorgum…………

………Barley…………

………Oats………

………Rye……

  • 12-15M/kh (12)

(12Mj kg = Oats)

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48
Q

If strong ion difference is increased:

There is a compensatory decrease in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs

There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis occurs

There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs

There is a compensatory decrease in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis occurs

A

There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs

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49
Q

Which statement is true for HACCP system related to hazards ?

Identification

Evaluation

?

? All

A

? All

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50
Q

Among cereal grains, oats are relatively high in

Ether extract

Crude fiber

Both

Neither

A

Both

(Crude fiber (10-12%))

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51
Q

The beta-carotene content of alfalfa hay can be decreased mostly by

Cell respiration

Plant enzymes

Sun light

Raining

A

Sun light

Sun = decreased quality of hay (yellow) due to decreased carotenoid

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52
Q

Urea supplementation can be applied if

Protein balance is positive

Protein balance is zero

Protein balance negative

Energy excess is in the small intestine

A

Protein balance negative

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53
Q

Urea supplement is used as a source of

CP

NPN

MPE

UDP

A

NPN

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54
Q

If the feeding level (“i”: intensity of feeding) = 1, it means that:

Animal is fed on the maintenance energy level

GE content of feed = DE content of feed

Faecal energy loss = urinary energy loss

Transformation factor (k) of ME when concerted to NEm = (which means 100%)

A

Animal is fed on the maintenance energy level

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55
Q

Which of the following feed additives will be banned in the EU by 2022 ?

Hormones

CuSO4

ZnO

Organic selenium

A

ZnO

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56
Q

Abortion may be caused by the following mycotoxin/s:

F-2

T-2

Both

Neither

A

Both

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57
Q

The appropriate ratio of dietary copper to zinc is important in the

Development of the orthopedic system

Development of the urogenital system

Production of milk (milk yield)

Proper function of the cardiovascular system

A

Development of the orthopedic system

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58
Q

Which statement is correct ?

DE = GE minus urinary and gaseous energy losses

DE = ME minus heat increment

DE = ME minus GE

DE = GE minus faecal energy loss

A

DE = GE minus faecal energy loss

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59
Q

Feature/s of dried sugar beet:

It contains well digestible CF

Swelling in the stomach

Both

Neither

A

Both

Very high in CF - 16 - 18%

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60
Q

Probiotics are

Live microbial food supplements supporting eubiosis

Specific type for selective bacterial fermentation

Carbohydrates which cannot be fermented by intestinal bacteria

Live microbial food supplements producing antibiotic like metabolites

A

Live microbial food supplements supporting eubiosis

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61
Q

In dairy cow the energy requirement for the maintenance is expressed by

NEm

NEl

NEm + NEg

MEm

A

NEl

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62
Q
  1. Hay is important in the prevention of
    • Gastric ulcer in horse
    • Rumen acidosis in cattle
    • Diarrhea in rabbits
    • All
A

All

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63
Q

After calving, the obese condition of dairy cows

Lengthens the interval to first ovulation

Increases the appetite

Both

Neither

A

Lengthens the interval to first ovulation

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64
Q

Iron supplementation is necessary in

Piglets

Foals

Calves

All

A

Piglets

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65
Q

Decreased vitamin E content of feeds resulted by rancidity can lead to

White muscle disease in lambs

Motor-neuron disease in horses

Encephalomalacia in chickens

All

A

All

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66
Q

In dairy cows, the post-partum hypocalcaemia may result in

Displaced abomasum

Retained placenta

Milk fever

All

A

All

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67
Q

These nutrients will be determined by the proximate analysis:

Crude fibre (CF)

CF + NDF

CF + NDF + ADF

CF + NDF + ADF + ADL

A

CF + NDF + ADF + ADL

All of these are proximate analysis

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68
Q

What’s behind the pregnancy toxaemia in ewes ?

Protein overfeeding

Mycotoxins (DON)

Heavy metals

Energy deficiency

A

Protein overfeeding

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69
Q

The phytic acid content of cereal grains have a significant effect on phosphorus bioavailability in the following animals

Goats

Broilers

Dairy cows

All

A

Broilers

Phytic acid binds phosphorous

Ruminants can digest phytic acid

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70
Q

Dietary NDF content involved:

Hemicellulose

Hemicellulose + Cellulose

Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin

Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin + Crude fibre

A
  • Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin
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71
Q

DE content of a feed is originated from

Digestible nutrients

Digestible nutrients*simple nutrients

Digestible nutrients/simple nutrients

GE + digestible nutrients

A

Digestible nutrients

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72
Q

Hot-pressed rapeseed cake is fed as an

Energy source

UDP source

Both

Neither

A

Both

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73
Q
  1. The effect of mycotoxin contamination can be reduced by

Heat treatment of feedstuffs

Chemical treatment of feedstuffs

Adding binding materials

All

A

All

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74
Q

Which of the statements is NOT true for legume seeds ?

The protein content of pea is the lowest

The nutrient content of lupin is closest to that of pea

They are are relatively low in sulphur containing amino acids (Met+Cys)

Many of the antinutritive factors of soy are heat labile

A

The nutrient content of lupin is closest to that of pea

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75
Q

Quality of silage depends on

Chop length

DM content of feedstuff

Both

Neither

A

Both

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76
Q

Hay steamer is used to

Decrease the mold content of the hay

Decrease the dust content of the hay

Decrease the bacteria number of the hay

All

A

All

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77
Q

That type of protein evaluation of feeds is based on the nitrogen retention of the animal:

Biological Value (BV)

Essential Amino Acid index (EAA-index)

Pepsin Digest Residue (PDR)

Chemical Score (CS)

A

Biological Value (BV)

Essential Amino Acid index (EAA-index) = egg protein

Pepsin Digest Residue (PDR) = in vitro enzymatic method

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78
Q

Feeding whole corn to horses (40% DM in daily ration)

Increases the energy intake and heat production during winter

Can cause dysbiosis and diarrhea

Can cause abortions

Increases daily water consumption

A

Can cause dysbiosis and diarrhea

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79
Q

Which statement is true for haylage ?

It has higher DM content than silage

It has higher acetic acid content than silage

Its production is cheaper and less complex than that of silage

Its structural fibre content is lower than that of silage

A

It has higher DM content than silage

80
Q

The possible effect/s of nitrate toxicity:

Reduced DMI

Higher incidence of abrotion

Both

Neither

A

Both

81
Q

This mycotoxin primarily damages the liver:

Aflatoxin

Fumonisin B1

Ochratoxin

F-2

A

Aflatoxin

Fumonisin B1 = most common in corn.

  • reduced milk production, liver damage
  • Eq: Leukoencephalomalacia
  • Sus= Pulmonary oedema and hydrothorax (weanlings)
82
Q

Which statement is correct ?

Overweight of the animal decreases the leptin production

Overweight of the animal increases the leptin production

Overweight of the animal increases the amount of NPY

Increment of the size of adipocytes decreases the leptin production

A

Overweight of the animal increases the leptin production

83
Q

Its deficiency may reduce the fertility in cattle:

Mg

Mn

Mo

K

A

Mn

84
Q

Vitamin D is considered as an immune modulator because it

Has antioxidant capacity

Enhances macrophage differentiation

Enhances dendritic cell maturation

Decreases chemotaxis

A

Enhances macrophage differentiation

85
Q

The oat protein contains 3% of Lys, while the egg protein 7% of Lys. How to calculate the Chemical Score (CS) of oat protein for Lys ?

3*7

7+3

3/7

7/3

A

3/7

86
Q

The possible effect/s of vitamin E & Se deficiency in cattle:

Embryo mortality

Reduced production of vitamin A binding proteins (ABP)

Both

Neither

A

Embryo mortality

+ abortion, oxidative stress

(Reduced production of vitamin A binding proteins (ABP)

= Zink)

87
Q

Alfalfa hay shouldn’t be given to a dry cow because:

It is too low in K but high in protein

It is too high in Ca and K

It is too high in Ca but low in K

It is too high in Ca, K and P

A

It is too high in Ca and K

88
Q

Their proteins requirements are expressed by UDP:

Pigs

Poultries

Cattle

None

A

Cattle

89
Q

They are required for the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen:

UDP + FOM

RDP + FOM

UDP + RDP + FOM

UDP + RDP

A

RDP + FOM

90
Q

Due to the enhanced protein requirement of a high-yielding dairy cow it has to be increased:

RDP content of the ration

UDP content of the ration

NPN content of the ration

Both RDP and NPN contents of the ration

A

Both RDP and NPN contents of the ration

91
Q

Their protein requirements are expressed by digestible crude protein:

Pigs

Poultries

Both

Neither

A

Pigs

DCP= Su, Eq, Rabbit

CP= Dog, cat. Poultry

92
Q

Which statement is correct ?

The total calcium content of blood plasma is not affected by hypoalbuminemia

The total calcium content of blood plasma is increased by hypoalbuminemia

The total calcium content of blood plasma is reduced by hypoalbuminemia

The total calcium content of blood plasma is not related to the protein losing enteropathy

The total calcium content of blood plasma is not related to the parathyroid hormones

A

The total calcium content of blood plasma is reduced by hypoalbuminemia

93
Q

Which of the statements is correct ?

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed well, its presence is favourable to P-supply

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell but its presence causes hyperphosphatemia in monogastric species

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence is unfavourable especially in ruminants, it causes hyperphosphatemia

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence in the ruminants rumen is not necessarily associated with hypophosphatemia due to presence of the phytase-enzyme

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell in the ruminants in contrast to the monogastric animals

A

Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence in the ruminants rumen is not necessarily associated with hypophosphatemia due to presence of the phytase-enzyme

94
Q

In the case of concentrated feeds

High digestible organic matter content is related to the volume

High digestible organic matter content is related to the dry matter content

High digestible organic matter content is related to the moisture content

High energy content is related to the fiber content

A

High digestible organic matter content is related to the dry matter content

95
Q

NPN supplement can be given if

CP minus MP = negative

MPE minus MPN = negative

MPN minus MPE = negative

RDP minus UDP = negative

A

MPN minus MPE = negative

96
Q

They have both anti-nutritive and immunostimulant effects:

Beta-glucans of barley

Pentosans of rye

Both

Neither

A

Both

97
Q

During haymaking, the plant cell respiration reduced the content of

Moisture

Carbohydrates

Proteins

All

A

Moisture

98
Q

In the case of eubiosis in the animals intestinal flora

90 % main flora

50 % concomitant flora

10 % residual flora

Neither

A

90 % main flora

99
Q

Which statement is correct ?

DE = GE minus Faecal Energy loss

ME = DE minus Faecal Energy loss

NEm = DE minus Urinary and Faecal Energy loss

NEg = DE minus Heat Loss

A

DE = GE minus Faecal Energy loss

100
Q

RDP overfeeding reduces

Quantity of sperm cells

Lifespan of embryo

Conception rate

All

A

All

101
Q

It belongs / They belong to the voluminous feeds:

Green alfalfa

Green alfalfa + Corn silage

Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay

Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay + Extracted sunflower meal

A

Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay

102
Q

Which feed additive will be phased out in the EU by 2022 ?

Copper sulphate

Magnesium oxide

Magnesium sulphate

Zinc oxide

A

Zinc oxide

103
Q

What feedstuff can be seen in the picture ?

A

Milk powder

104
Q

Which statement is correct ?

The wheat bran has a higher protein content than that of wheat germ

The wheat bran has a higher ether extract content than that of wheat germ

The wheat bran has a higher fibre content than that of wheat germ

The wheat bran has a higher energy content than of wheat germ

A

The wheat bran has a higher fibre content than that of wheat germ

105
Q

What causes the DOD (Developmental Orthopaedic DIsease) in large-breed puppies ?

  • Excess Ca2+ intake
  • Excess vitamin D intake
  • Excess energy and nutrient intake
  • Ca2+, P and vitamin D deficiencies
A

Ca2+, P and vitamin D deficiencies

106
Q

Crude fiber (CF) determination is based on the following method:

Boiling of the feed in a weak acid solution

Boiling of feed in a weak alkaline solution

Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution

Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution followed by neutral treatment

A

Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution followed by neutral treatment

107
Q

It is / They are rich in linoleic acid:

Corn

Soybean

Both

Neither

A

Both

108
Q

Which volatile FA is the most important metabolic substance of the rumen cellulolytic bacteria ?

Propionic acid

Lactic acid

Butyric acid

Acetic acid

A

Propionic acid

109
Q

The microscopial qualification of feedstuffs can be used to recognise the contamination/s caused by

Ergot particles

Moulds

Insects

All

A

All

110
Q

If the digestibility of dietary Crude protein (CP) is 80 %, it means that:

80 % of the consumed CP builds in the body tissues

80 % of the consumed CP has been absorbed

80 % of the absorbed CP builds in the body tissues

Only 20 % of the consumed CP has been lost via urine

A

80 % of the consumed CP has been absorbed

111
Q

Which statement is false ?

The EU’s food safety policy is comprehensive and integrated

The success of the EU’s food safety policy demands greater responsibility, traceability and transparency

Official food safety controls are established only in the external border countries of the EU

Consumers must be provided with essential information

A

Official food safety controls are established only in the external border countries of the EU

112
Q

What is the limiting essential amino acid in this feedstuff?

  • Lys
  • Met
  • Thr
  • Trp
A

Sorghum

Thr

113
Q

In dairy cows, the beta-carotene deficiency may

Prolong the oestrus period

Increase the embryo mortality

Both

Neither

A

Both

114
Q

What parameter/s must be considered to formulate daily rations in dairy cows ?

Number of lactation

Period of lactation

Milk sugar content (%)

All

A

Number of lactation

115
Q
  1. The following feedstuffs are … by-products
  • Milling
  • Starch industry
  • Brewery
  • Distillery

……….

A

…………Malt Sprouts………….

………Brewers Grain………….

……………Fodder yeast………….

  • Brewery
116
Q

EU measures have established maximum levels for the following contaminant/s:

Erucic acid

Nitrates

Both

Neither

A

Both

117
Q

The acid load of animals is decreased if the daily ration has high

P content

Cl content

Ca content

S content

A

Cl content

118
Q

Microorganisms on feedstuffs require 14 – 25 % humidity:

Deposite fungi

Field fungi

Bacteria

Protozoa

A

Deposite fungi

119
Q

Leptin is:

An anabolic peptide

A catabolic peptide

A hormone released from the fat cells

A hormone released from the hypothalamus

A

A hormone released from the fat cells

120
Q

During oxidative rancidity, these compounds cause the characteristic rancid odour

Fatty acids

Peroxides

Aldehydes

Glycerides

A

Fatty acids

121
Q

Vitamin C deficiency may result in

Shortening of tibia in guinea pigs

Cage layer fatigue in laying hens

Both

Neither

A

Shortening of tibia in guinea pigs

122
Q

Which feedstuff can be seen in the picture ?

Extracted soybean meal

Extracted rapeseed meal

Corn germ

Brewers grains

A

Extracted rapeseed meal

123
Q

Metabolizable protein is used for expressing the protein requirements of

Lactating mares

Lactating sows

Dairy goats

All

A

Dairy goats

124
Q

Pregnancy toxaemia in ewes is caused by

Energy deficiency

Protein deficiency

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

Peroxide loading

A

Energy deficiency

125
Q

Its / Their CP content is 35 - 50 %

Full-fat soya

Hot / cold-pressed cakes

Extracted meals

Corn gluten

A

Extracted meals

126
Q

Maintenance energy requirement of dairy cows is expressed by:

ME

NEm

NEl

ME + NEm

A

NEm

127
Q

Its / Their colour reflects the heat damage:

DDGS

Skim milk powder

Hay

All

A

All

128
Q

It’s determined by in vitro enzymatic method:

Essential amino acid index (EAA)

Protein efficiency ratio (PER)

Both

Neither

A

Essential amino acid index (EAA)

129
Q

In the case of sows, low-DCAD-value diets

Reduce the size of the following litter

Increase the pH of the urine

Reduce the risk of urinary tract infections

Improve ovulation rate

A

Reduce the risk of urinary tract infections

130
Q

Calculation of the biological value (BV):

Retained N per N-intake

Facal N per N-intake

(Faceal N + Urinary N) per N-intake

Neither

A

Retained N per N-intake

131
Q

Which statement is correct ?

Forages always have higher P content than Ca

Forages always have higher Ca content than P

Grasses should be cut at bud stage

Legumes should be cut at boot stage

A

Grasses should be cut at bud stage

132
Q

Which statement is false ?

Lactulose selectively stimulate the growth of bacteria in the colon

Inulin improves the intestinal microbial balance in host animals

Plant extracts can increase the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes

Acidifiers can be used to decrease the gastric pH in piglets

A

Plant extracts can increase the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes

133
Q

It is found primarily on corn, causing leukoencephalomalacia in horses;

Aflatoxin

Satratoxin

Fumonisine

Slaframine

A

Fumonisine

134
Q

It can cause uterus prolapse and vulvar oedema in swine

Fumonisine

Zearalenone

Aflatoxin

Vomitoxin

A

Zearalenone

135
Q

Dietary factors increasing uterus prolapse and vulvar oedema in swine in ensiling process;

Protein content

Alkali metals

Both

Neither

A

Neither

136
Q

Feeding of young green forages can cause

Diarrhea

Toxicosis

Deficiencies

All

A

All

137
Q

The approximate daily amount of maize silage for dairy cows is

5 – 10 kg

10 – 15 kg

20 – 30 kg

30 – 35 kg

A

20 – 30 kg

138
Q
  1. Which statement/s is/are correct for the feedstuff shown by the picture ?
  • Its readily available carbohydrate content is mostly starch
  • Its fiber content is easily digestible
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Beet Pulp

  • Its fiber content is easily digestible
139
Q

Its amount can be up to 40 % in diets for monogastric animals:

Soybean

Extracted soybean meal

Extracted sunflower meal

Cold-pressed rapeseed meal

A

Extracted soybean meal

140
Q

It improves wound healing, promotes scar formation:

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin B6

A

Vitamin A

141
Q

If the body condition below th optimum,

The re-breeding time is lengthened

The conception rate is decreased

Both

Neither

A

Both

142
Q

The CP content of cereal grains

5 – 10 %

10 – 15 %

15 – 20 %

20 – 25 %

A

10 – 15 %

143
Q

Determination of Nitrogen-free Extract (NfE) is based on:

Calculation by using data obatined from proximate analysis

Calculation by proximate analysis

Calculation by using data obtained from Kjeldahl method

Calculated by using data obtained from the Soxhlet method

Calculation made according to the N content of feed

A

Calculation by proximate analysis

Kjeldahl method = CP

Soxhlet method = EE

144
Q

NPN means

Nitrogen-Provided Nucleosides

Non-Protein Nitrates

Non-Protein Nitrogen

Net Protein Nitrogen

A

Non-Protein Nitrogen

145
Q

Taurine deficiency may cause … in cats

Acyclic ovarian function

Reduced conception rate

Embryo mortality

All

A

Embryo mortality

146
Q

Characteristics of the microbial flora in the large intestine:

Produces vitamin B

Impairs the utility of nutrients

Produces toxin

Promotes the colonisation of pathogenic bacteria

A

Produces vitamin B

147
Q

Which animal origin protein source can be given to pigs:

Fish meal

Insect protein

Both

Neither

A

Both

148
Q

Its is a collection of standards and guidelines for the health protection of consumers

White Paper

Codex Alimentarius

EFSA’s scientific reports

HACCP system

A

Codex Alimentarius

149
Q

Descending ulcerative dermatitis is caused by … deficiency in poultries

Vitamin B6

Biotin

Pantothenic acid

Neither

A

Biotin

150
Q

Its deficiency may result in curled toe disease in broilers:

Biotin

Vitamin B2

Mn

Cu

A

Vitamin B2

151
Q

As a result of urea supplementation of the daily ration in ruminant sps, the following compounds can be produced:

Utilizable protein

Undegradable protein

Microbial protein

Utilizable protein + Undegradable protein

A

Microbial protein

152
Q

They have a strong proinflammatory effect and are predominantly found in the lamina propria layer of the GI tract

Th1 cells

Th2 cells

Th10 cells

Th17 cells

A

Th17 cells

153
Q

Which is / are the parts/s of GI tract from an immunoprotective point of view ?

Cellular

Humoral

Microbial

All

A

All

154
Q
A
155
Q

The polyphenols (eg tannins)
x Have antioxidant properties
x Increase Ca absorption
x Have sour taste
x Decrease surface tension

A

x Have antioxidant properties

x Increase Ca absorption = reduce
x Have sour taste = bitter

156
Q

The positive protein balance in rumen means that
x (MFE + MFN)>MF
x MFN>FOM
x MFN>MFE
x MFE>MFN

A

x MFN>MFE

157
Q

Calculation of the digestible crude protein:
x Crude protein/digestibility coefficient
x Crude protein*6.25/digestibility coefficient
x Digestibility coefficient*6.25*crude protein
x Crude protein*digestibility coefficient

A

x Crude protein*digestibility coefficient

158
Q

F-2 mycotoxin can cause

Vulva swelling in sows

Pulmonary oedema in growing pigs

Liver neoplasia in all species

Salivation In horses

A

Vulva swelling in sows (+abortion)

159
Q

Selenium deficiency can cause
x Alopecia
x Myopathy
x Blindness
x Agalactia

A

x Myopathy (+ retained placenta, elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in diary cow, decreased ovium quality, increased embryo mortality, increased RFM, Metritis, Testicular atrophy

x Blindness = deficient or overdose VIT A
x Agalactia - Tall fescue, ergovalin, dopamin agonist (prolactin secreation = agalactin, dystocin, abortion, ab. thermoreg = Hyperthermia

160
Q

The MFN content of a feed is calculated like this:
x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the RDP
x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the FOM
x RDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the FOM
x NPN + microbial protein, predicted according to the UDP

A

x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the RDP

161
Q

Digestion of proteins is decreased by
x Glycosinolates
x Trypsin inhibitors
x Gossypol
x All of them

A

x Trypsin inhibitors

x Glycosinolates = decrease N use
x Gossypol = decrease aa. availability

162
Q

FOM is required in the rumen for the
x Synthesis of UDP
x Synthesis of RDP
x Synthesis of microbial protein
x The transport of UDP into the small intestine

A

x Synthesis of microbial protein

163
Q

Canine parakeratosis can be caused by its deficiency
x Ca
x Mn
x Se
x Zn

A

x Zn

164
Q

Its concentration in the animal body is regulated in unipolar way at the level of
excretion:
x Ca
x Cu
x Fe
x Na

A

Na

Unipolar at level of absorbtion - Fe

Unipolar at level of excretion - Na

Bipolar - Zn, Cu

165
Q

Significance of prediction of feed intake:
x Setting up the nutrient density of diets made for monogastric animals
x Setting up the nutrient density of daily rations made for ruminants
x Both
x Neither of them

A

x Both

166
Q
  1. Ruminants can degrade the dietary cellulose
    x With own enzymes
    x With the enzymes produced by the rumen microbes
    x Partly with own enzymes, partly with the enzymes produced by the rumen
    microbes
    x Neither the host animal nor the rumen microbes can degrade the cellulose
A

x With the enzymes produced by the rumen microbes

167
Q

Mostly, it is the first limiting essential amino acid for growth in the diets of
monogastric animals:
x Met
x Lys
x Cys
x Trp

A

x Lys

168
Q

The most sensitive to F2 toxin is the
x Broiler chick
x Swine
x Cat
x Dairy cow

A

x Swine

169
Q

Their protein requirements are expressed by UDP:
x Pigs
x Poultries
x Cattle
x Neither of them

A

x Cattle

170
Q

Characteristic of a good-quality corn silage:
x pH<3
x butyric acid>lactic acid

x acetic acid>lactic acid
x pH<5

A

x pH<5

171
Q

Their crude protein content is 35-50%
x Legume seeds
x Oil seeds
x Extracted meals
x Fish meals

A

x Extracted meals = 35-50%

x Legume seeds = 20-40%
x Oil seeds
x Extracted meals
x Fish meals = 60-70%

172
Q

The ratio of Lys to Met regarding to protein synthesis in the rumen is almost optimal
in
x Extracted soymeal
x Extracted rapeseed meal
x Both of them
x Neither of them

A

x Extracted rapeseed meal

x Extracted soymeal - 4.4:1 - should be 3:1

x Extracted rapeseed meal - 2.7:1 -> Should be 3

173
Q

The crude protein of skim milk powder is about
x 1%
x 3.5%
x 10%
x 30%

A

x 30%= Skim milk powder

x 3.5% = Skim milk CP

174
Q

Carotene in the blood can be measured in the case of

a) cow
b) cow and sheep
c) cow, goat and sheep
d) cow, goat sheep and pig

A

d) cow, goat sheep and pig

175
Q
  1. Which vitamins function is to help protein synthesis
A
  • think is Vit B6- pyridoxin.
176
Q
  1. Which vitamins function is to carry CO2
A

… think its Biotin.

177
Q
  1. Synthetic antioxidants.
A

.. u had to pick which one it is.

  • Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
  • Butylated Hydroxytulene (BHT)
  • Propyl Galllate (PG)
  • Tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ)
178
Q
  1. What are prebiotics?
A
179
Q
  1. Descending dermatitis?
A

Zn and B5

180
Q
  1. Ascending dermatitis?
A

Biotin

181
Q
  1. Which vitamin can be measured by glutathione peroxidase activity (something
    like that)
A

… think its vitamin B2, not sure look it up.

182
Q
  1. The formula for apparent metabolisability.
A
183
Q

Know that good bacteria should be

A

90-99%, think it’s called
Eubiosis when good bacteria are found in this proportion. When they are below
this percentage it’s called dysbiosis.

184
Q
  1. Know the barriers of the gut of a ruminant.
A
  • Anatomical barrier

(the enterocytes make it up)..

  • Microbiological barrier (good bacteria of the gut prevent

the baddies from being absorbed),

  • Immunological barrier
  • Humoral barrier..

SOMETHING like that look them up.

185
Q
  1. Which mineral or vit is needed for cartilage SYNTHESIS-
A

Vit C or Mn !!!

186
Q
  1. The mineral whose deficiency causes bad coat problems…
A

ZINC.

187
Q
  1. Slipping of the calcaneus tendon in turkey!!
A

think its Biotin deficiency look it up.

188
Q
  1. Know the deficiency
A

Vit A, …. Vit E and selenium.. they especially like them.

  • They like all vit deficiencies in general a big percentage of the exam is on those.
189
Q
  • Which mineral or vit is needed for COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS-
A

Vit C or Mn

190
Q

It can cause colic in horses

  • Dried beet pulp
  • Wheat Bran
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Dried beet pulp

191
Q

The chemical score (CS) reflects

  • Crude protein content of the feed stuff
  • Digestible crude protein of the feed stuff
  • Aminoacid content of the feed protein
  • Quantity of one essential amino acid in the feed protein
A

Aminoacid content of the feed protein

192
Q

The role of short-term regulation of feed intake is to assure

  • Body weight
  • Energy reserves
  • Body composition
  • Neither
A

Body composition

193
Q
A
194
Q

Onset of puberty is closely correlated to

  • Wither heights
  • Fat content of body
  • Protein content of body
  • Age of animal
A

Fat content of body

195
Q

The high concentrate feeding in racehorses is characterized by

  • Low DCAB
  • High DCAB
  • Low urinary calcium
  • Low phosphorus intake
A

Low DCAB

196
Q
A
197
Q

How to determine the N-free extract (NFE) content of feeds

  • By Kjeldah method
  • By Soxhlet method
  • By Van Soest method
  • By Calculation
A

By Calculation

  • By Kjeldah method = CP
  • By Soxhlet method = EE
  • By Van Soest method = Fibre freaction

= Chemical tests

  • By Calculation = OM, NFE, water content - proximate analysis

Nutrittion PQ (3 decks)

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