PQ Flashcards
1
Q
1) A high yielding dairy cow has an increased demand for … in her daily ration.
● MP
● NPN
● RDP
● UDP
A
● MP
Know measurements of oxidative rancidity + peroxide value + anside values for secondary oxidation products Acid number 15-40 = okay, above 80 = rancid Peroxide number 5-10 okay, above 10 rancid
2
Q
2) Typical living circumstances of rumen flora & fauna:
● Strictly anaerobic system
● Continuous acid production
● Almost constant pH
● All
A
● All
3
Q
3) The energy requirement of ruminants is expressed with this unit of measure:
● MJ / kg feed
● MJ / kg DM
● kJ / kg DM
● MJ / day
A
● MJ / day
Mj/kg feed in other animals Mj/day used in cows
4
Q
4) When using the proximate analysis of feeds, it is calculated (not chemically determined) value of the feed:
● Water content
● Nitrogen-free extract (NfE)
● Both
● Neither
A
● Both
In proximate analysis water content, NfE and OM are calculated. The rest is found out by chemical tests
5
Q
5) In close-up dry cows, the negative DCAD diet:
● Increases blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and increased absorption from the gut
● Reduces blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and excreting through the kidneys
● Increases blood calcium levels by higher reabsorption of phosphorus through kidneys
● Reduces blood calcium levels by reduced absorption of calcium from the intestine and increased gastrointestinal loss
A
● Increases blood calcium levels by mobilisation calcium from bone and increased absorption from the gut
6
Q
6) Disease caused by selenium deficiency
● White muscle disease
● Lethal acrodermatitis
● Alimentary infertility
● Alkali disease
A
● White muscle disease
7
Q
7) CAB value reflects the effects of … on the acid-base status.
● Dietary organic cations and anions
● Dietary inorganic cations and anions
● Both of organic and inorganic cations and anions
● Dietary supplements
A
● Dietary inorganic cations and anions
8
Q
8) In this animal, the blood serum is used to control the beta-carotene supply:
● Sheep
● Horse
● Both
● Neither
A
● Both
9
Q
9) It can be used for flushing in sows:
● Mg
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin E
● Biotin
A
● Biotin
- Flushing in: Su: Biotin and folic acid
- Eq: B-carotene, Vit A, E and Se
- Sheep/goat: Zn
10
Q
10) Its quantity in the feed is determined by Kjeldahl methods:
● Nitrogen-free extract (NfE)
● Ether Extract (EE)
● Crude Protein (CP)
● Crude Fibre (CF)
A
● Crude Protein (CP)
CP - Kjeldahl method
EE - Soxhlet method
Inorganic compounds - Muffle furnace analysis
11
Q
11) What is the meaning of RDP ?
● Readily Digestible Polysaccharide
● Rapidly Degradable Protein
● Rumen Degradable Polysaccharide
● Rumen Degradable Protein
A
● Rumen Degradable Protein
12
Q
12) In case of lactic acidosis these bacteria are dominant in the rumen:
● Ruminobacter amylophylus
● Ruminococcus albus
● Streptococcus bovis
● All
A
● Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus Bovis degrades starch into lactic acid mostly therefore we will see lactacidosis
13
Q
13) The … paper contains the priority of EU’s food safety policy.
● Blue
● Yellow
● White
● Red
A
● White
14
Q
14) The most important anti-nutritive factors in full-fat soybean are
● Goitrogens
● Tannic acids
● Trypsin inhibitors
● Gossypols
A
● Trypsin inhibitors
Soy bean = Lectins and trypsin inhibitors
Rapeseeds = Tannic acid, erucic acid, glucosinolates
Linseed = Linamarin
15
Q
15) Which statement is false for green forages ?
● These are cheap and palatable feeds
● Their nutrient contents quite variable
● With the maturity, the digestibility of their nutrient contents improves
● These are generally low in readily available carbohydrates
A
● With the maturity, the digestibility of their nutrient contents improves
Green foraged = cheap, voluminous (lot of water or air but little DM)
16
Q
16) Characteristics of silage making:
● Conservation by aerobic fermentation
● High-moisture forage conserved
● Acetic acid produced mainly
● Chopping followed by wilting
A
● High-moisture forage conserved
Harvest and chopping of high moisture forage + anaerobic fermentation in silo (press aur out) + cover to stay anaerobic - lactic acid will be produced
Haylage = low moisture
At first, there will always be O2 left but this will be used up by plants enzymes which will produce water and heat - this should take one day - if it takes too long the heat will be too much and the silage will be bad quality
Facultative bacteria will start fermentation and produce VFAs and this period should also be short (transitional phase) - the pH will be lowered so that lactobacilli will grow.
Now lactobacilli will grow and lower the pH - low pH will block all the other bacteria and then when it gets too low it will stop the growth of the lactobacilli itself and we will have STEADY STATE
17
Q
17) Which vitamin does not have an energy-releasing function ?
● Vitamin B1
● Vitamin B2
● Vitamin B6
● Biotin
A
● Vitamin B6
18
Q
18) If wet beet pulp is given to the dairy cow, the daily ration must supplemented with
● Protein
● Fibre
● Both
● Neither
A
● Both
Sugar beet pulp is high in energy - NfE = risk of rumen acidosis due to high amount of readily available carbohydrates like sucrose
• Very low in protein
• Low in fibre
19
Q
These feedstuffs, that is the limiting essential a.a.:
- Lys
- Trp
- Met
- Thr
A
……Fodder Pea………
…………Lupin…………
…Full-Fat soy bean…..
Met
(Lys higher than Met in grain legumes)
20
Q
This mycotoxin has a pronounced immunosuppressive effects:
T-2
DON
Both
Neither
A
Both
(Vomitox in DON)
21
Q
Biochemical marker used for control of specific mineral supply
Selenium
Vitamin B6
Ferritin
Coeruloplasmin
A
Coeruloplasmin
Biochemical markers (functional forms)
- Vitamin B12 rather than cobalt
- Triiodothyronine rather than copper
- Glutathione peroxidase rather than selenium
- Copper (copper: zinc) superoxide dismutase
22
Q
- What is this feedstuff ?
- Wheat bran
- Brewers grains
- Malt sprouts
- Extracted sunflower meal
A
Malt sprouts
23
Q
Which statement is false ?
EU’s food safety policy is to keep contaminants away from feed
The feed safety does not consider the hazards caused by new and unconventional agro-industrial by products.
Feeds can cause the contamination of foods
Consignments of non-animal origin feeds have not controlled by TRAECES
A
The feed safety does not consider the hazards caused by new and unconventional agro-industrial by products.
24
Q
It can bind mycotoxins (ex: Aflatoxin):
Zeolite
ZnO
MgO
Lecithin
A
Zeolite - Zeolite and bentonite bind aflatoxin
Lecthin = an antinutritive factor
Decrease the amount of antinutritives + genetic engineering of plants + fermentation cooking etc + heat + exogenous phytates
25
The pH of corn silage is:
Always higher than that of alfalfa haylage
As much as that of alfalfa haylage
Always lower than that of alfalfa haylage
Lower than of alfalfa haylage if it has been wilted
Always lower than that of alfalfa haylage
26
Both UDP and by-pass fat sources:
Raw full-fat soybean meal
Heat treated extracted soybean meal
Hot-pressed rapeseed cake
All
Hot-pressed rapeseed cake
27
These are the consequences of high-concentrate ration of racehorses:
Lower DCAB, increased blood pH
Lower DCAB, decreased blood pH
Higher DCAB, increased blood pH
Higher DCAB, decreased blood pH
Higher DCAB, increased blood pH
28
Concentrated feed/s is/are the following:
Dried whey powder
Brewers grains
Dehydrated alfalfa meal
All
All
29
1. The approximate daily amount of meadow hay for a horse is:
* 3 -4 kg
* 5 kg
* 10 kg
* 15 kg
10 kg
30
This feedstuff has CP content of:
**Fish Meal**
**60-70%**
31
One of its toxicity syndromes is exostosis on cervical vertebrae in cats:
* Ca
* P
* Vitamin B12
* Vitamin A
**Vitamin A**
Vitamin A hypervitaminosis causes exostosis
32
Physiological function/s of the intestinal flora:
Degradation of bile salts
Production of volatile fatty acids
Both
Neither
Both
33
The chemical score (CS) reflects
Crude protein content of the feedstuff
Digestible crude protein of the feedstuff
Amino acid content of the feed protein
Quantity of one essential a.a. in the feed protein
Amino acid content of the feed protein
34
Non-infectious abortion may be caused by:
Glucans of barley
Pentosans of rye
Endophytes of fescue grass
Acetic acid content of corn silage
Endophytes of fescue grass
35
The application of long-term control of feed intake in dairy cows can be used to prevent
Low milk fat syndrome
Rumen acidosis
Milk fever
Ketosis
Ketosis
36
Calculation of the apparent digestibility of nutrients:
Nutrient intake divided by absorbed nutrients
Absorbed nutrients divided by nutrient intake
Nutrient intake minus nutrient output
Nutrient intake divided by nutrient output
Absorbed nutrients divided by nutrient intake
37
**Antinutritive effect of lectins**
May cause bitter taste, feed refusal
Reduces enzymatic protein digestion
Binds to intestinal epithelial cells, may cause alimental allergy
Binds phosphorus and thus it cannot be absorbed
**Reduces enzymatic protein digestion**
(May cause bitter taste, feed refusal = Saponins)
38
Role of omega 3 fatty acids in chronic diseases
Reduces production of omega 6 fatty acids, thereby production of arachidonic acid
Precursor of arachidonic acid assisting in immune response
Has a prothrombin effects
Reduces EPA and DHA levels, thereby reducing the production of arachidonic acid
Reduces production of omega 6 fatty acids, thereby production of arachidonic acid
39
What is/ are the physiological effect/s of yeast in rumen ?
Oxygen scavenging
Consumption of sugar
Stimulation of lactic acid consuming bacteria
All
**Stimulation of lactic acid consuming bacteria**
40
Role of glutamine supplementation in critical illness
Glucogenic, improves energy balance
Assists in renal ammonia genesis during increased protein metabolism
Gluconeogenic metabolite, helps to store glycogen in the liver
Reduces glutathione synthesis
Assists in renal ammonia genesis during increased protein metabolism
41
In the metabolizable protein system, the energy supply of rumen microbes is expressed by
Metabolizable organic matter
Digestible energy
Metabolizable energy
Fermentable organic matter
Fermentable organic matter
42
This feedstuff has CP content of:
**Barley**
**11%**
10 - 13% in cereal grains
This is barley - barley is special regarding CF since CF = 6% and not just 2 - 3%
43
Characteristics of voluminous feeds:
High energy content related to volume
Low dry matter content related to volume
High dry matter content related to the moisture content
Low dry matter content related to the moisture content
**Low dry matter content related to volume**
44
Onset of puberty is closely correlated to:
Protein supply
Energy supply
Vitamin supply
Essential fatty acid supply
Essential fatty acid supply
45
To formulate a ration in dairy cows, the following data are needed:
BW
Milk protein content (%)
Milk fat content (%)
All
All
46
What is the limiting / anti-nutritive factor of extracted sunflower meal ?
Goitrogens
Erucic acid
Met
Crude fibre content
Crude fiber content
47
Their DE content is between:
………Sorgum…………
………Barley…………
………Oats………
………Rye……
* **12-15M/kh (12)**
(12Mj kg = Oats)
48
If strong ion difference is increased:
There is a compensatory decrease in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs
There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis occurs
There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs
There is a compensatory decrease in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis occurs
There is a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis occurs
49
Which statement is true for HACCP system related to hazards ?
Identification
Evaluation
?
? All
? All
50
Among cereal grains, oats are relatively high in
Ether extract
Crude fiber
Both
Neither
**Both**
(Crude fiber (10-12%))
51
The beta-carotene content of alfalfa hay can be decreased mostly by
Cell respiration
Plant enzymes
Sun light
Raining
**Sun light**
Sun = decreased quality of hay (yellow) due to decreased carotenoid
52
Urea supplementation can be applied if
Protein balance is positive
Protein balance is zero
Protein balance negative
Energy excess is in the small intestine
Protein balance negative
53
Urea supplement is used as a source of
CP
NPN
MPE
UDP
NPN
54
If the feeding level (“i”: intensity of feeding) = 1, it means that:
Animal is fed on the maintenance energy level
GE content of feed = DE content of feed
Faecal energy loss = urinary energy loss
Transformation factor (k) of ME when concerted to NEm = (which means 100%)
Animal is fed on the maintenance energy level
55
Which of the following feed additives will be banned in the EU by 2022 ?
Hormones
CuSO4
ZnO
Organic selenium
ZnO
56
Abortion may be caused by the following mycotoxin/s:
F-2
T-2
Both
Neither
**Both**
57
The appropriate ratio of dietary copper to zinc is important in the
Development of the orthopedic system
Development of the urogenital system
Production of milk (milk yield)
Proper function of the cardiovascular system
Development of the orthopedic system
58
Which statement is correct ?
DE = GE minus urinary and gaseous energy losses
DE = ME minus heat increment
DE = ME minus GE
DE = GE minus faecal energy loss
DE = GE minus faecal energy loss
59
Feature/s of dried sugar beet:
It contains well digestible CF
Swelling in the stomach
Both
Neither
**Both**
Very high in CF - 16 - 18%
60
Probiotics are
Live microbial food supplements supporting eubiosis
Specific type for selective bacterial fermentation
Carbohydrates which cannot be fermented by intestinal bacteria
Live microbial food supplements producing antibiotic like metabolites
Live microbial food supplements supporting eubiosis
61
In dairy cow the energy requirement for the maintenance is expressed by
NEm
NEl
NEm + NEg
MEm
**NEl**
62
1. Hay is important in the prevention of
* Gastric ulcer in horse
* Rumen acidosis in cattle
* Diarrhea in rabbits
* All
All
63
After calving, the obese condition of dairy cows
Lengthens the interval to first ovulation
Increases the appetite
Both
Neither
Lengthens the interval to first ovulation
64
Iron supplementation is necessary in
Piglets
Foals
Calves
All
Piglets
65
Decreased vitamin E content of feeds resulted by rancidity can lead to
White muscle disease in lambs
Motor-neuron disease in horses
Encephalomalacia in chickens
All
All
66
In dairy cows, the post-partum hypocalcaemia may result in
Displaced abomasum
Retained placenta
Milk fever
All
All
67
These nutrients will be determined by the proximate analysis:
Crude fibre (CF)
CF + NDF
CF + NDF + ADF
CF + NDF + ADF + ADL
**CF + NDF + ADF + ADL**
All of these are proximate analysis
68
What’s behind the pregnancy toxaemia in ewes ?
Protein overfeeding
Mycotoxins (DON)
Heavy metals
Energy deficiency
**Protein overfeeding**
69
The phytic acid content of cereal grains have a significant effect on phosphorus bioavailability in the following animals
Goats
Broilers
Dairy cows
All
**Broilers**
Phytic acid binds phosphorous
Ruminants can digest phytic acid
70
Dietary NDF content involved:
Hemicellulose
Hemicellulose + Cellulose
Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin
Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin + Crude fibre
* Hemicellulose + Cellulose + Lignin
71
DE content of a feed is originated from
Digestible nutrients
Digestible nutrients\*simple nutrients
Digestible nutrients/simple nutrients
GE + digestible nutrients
Digestible nutrients
72
Hot-pressed rapeseed cake is fed as an
Energy source
UDP source
Both
Neither
**Both**
73
1. The effect of mycotoxin contamination can be reduced by
Heat treatment of feedstuffs
Chemical treatment of feedstuffs
Adding binding materials
All
All
74
Which of the statements is NOT true for legume seeds ?
The protein content of pea is the lowest
The nutrient content of lupin is closest to that of pea
They are are relatively low in sulphur containing amino acids (Met+Cys)
Many of the antinutritive factors of soy are heat labile
The nutrient content of lupin is closest to that of pea
75
Quality of silage depends on
Chop length
DM content of feedstuff
Both
Neither
Both
76
Hay steamer is used to
Decrease the mold content of the hay
Decrease the dust content of the hay
Decrease the bacteria number of the hay
All
All
77
That type of protein evaluation of feeds is based on the nitrogen retention of the animal:
Biological Value (BV)
Essential Amino Acid index (EAA-index)
Pepsin Digest Residue (PDR)
Chemical Score (CS)
Biological Value (BV)
Essential Amino Acid index (EAA-index) = egg protein
Pepsin Digest Residue (PDR) = in vitro enzymatic method
78
Feeding whole corn to horses (40% DM in daily ration)
Increases the energy intake and heat production during winter
Can cause dysbiosis and diarrhea
Can cause abortions
Increases daily water consumption
Can cause dysbiosis and diarrhea
79
Which statement is true for haylage ?
It has higher DM content than silage
It has higher acetic acid content than silage
Its production is cheaper and less complex than that of silage
Its structural fibre content is lower than that of silage
**It has higher DM content than silage**
80
The possible effect/s of nitrate toxicity:
Reduced DMI
Higher incidence of abrotion
Both
Neither
**Both**
81
This mycotoxin primarily damages the liver:
Aflatoxin
Fumonisin B1
Ochratoxin
F-2
**Aflatoxin**
Fumonisin B1 = most common in corn.
* reduced milk production, liver damage
* Eq: Leukoencephalomalacia
* Sus= Pulmonary oedema and hydrothorax (weanlings)
82
Which statement is correct ?
Overweight of the animal decreases the leptin production
Overweight of the animal increases the leptin production
Overweight of the animal increases the amount of NPY
Increment of the size of adipocytes decreases the leptin production
Overweight of the animal increases the leptin production
83
Its deficiency may reduce the fertility in cattle:
Mg
Mn
Mo
K
Mn
84
Vitamin D is considered as an immune modulator because it
Has antioxidant capacity
Enhances macrophage differentiation
Enhances dendritic cell maturation
Decreases chemotaxis
Enhances macrophage differentiation
85
The oat protein contains 3% of Lys, while the egg protein 7% of Lys. How to calculate the Chemical Score (CS) of oat protein for Lys ?
3\*7
7+3
3/7
7/3
3/7
86
The possible effect/s of vitamin E & Se deficiency in cattle:
Embryo mortality
Reduced production of vitamin A binding proteins (ABP)
Both
Neither
**Embryo mortality**
**+ abortion, oxidative stress**
(Reduced production of vitamin A binding proteins (ABP)
= Zink)
87
Alfalfa hay shouldn’t be given to a dry cow because:
It is too low in K but high in protein
It is too high in Ca and K
It is too high in Ca but low in K
It is too high in Ca, K and P
**It is too high in Ca and K**
88
Their proteins requirements are expressed by UDP:
Pigs
Poultries
Cattle
None
Cattle
89
They are required for the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen:
UDP + FOM
RDP + FOM
UDP + RDP + FOM
UDP + RDP
**RDP + FOM**
90
Due to the enhanced protein requirement of a high-yielding dairy cow it has to be increased:
RDP content of the ration
UDP content of the ration
NPN content of the ration
Both RDP and NPN contents of the ration
**Both RDP and NPN contents of the ration**
91
Their protein requirements are expressed by digestible crude protein:
Pigs
Poultries
Both
Neither
**Pigs**
**DCP= Su, Eq, Rabbit**
**CP= Dog, cat. Poultry**
92
Which statement is correct ?
The total calcium content of blood plasma is not affected by hypoalbuminemia
The total calcium content of blood plasma is increased by hypoalbuminemia
The total calcium content of blood plasma is reduced by hypoalbuminemia
The total calcium content of blood plasma is not related to the protein losing enteropathy
The total calcium content of blood plasma is not related to the parathyroid hormones
The total calcium content of blood plasma is reduced by hypoalbuminemia
93
Which of the statements is correct ?
Phytin-phosphate is absorbed well, its presence is favourable to P-supply
Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell but its presence causes hyperphosphatemia in monogastric species
Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence is unfavourable especially in ruminants, it causes hyperphosphatemia
Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence in the ruminants rumen is not necessarily associated with hypophosphatemia due to presence of the phytase-enzyme
Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell in the ruminants in contrast to the monogastric animals
**Phytin-phosphate is absorbed unwell, its presence in the ruminants rumen is not necessarily associated with hypophosphatemia due to presence of the phytase-enzyme**
94
In the case of concentrated feeds
High digestible organic matter content is related to the volume
High digestible organic matter content is related to the dry matter content
High digestible organic matter content is related to the moisture content
High energy content is related to the fiber content
High digestible organic matter content is related to the dry matter content
95
NPN supplement can be given if
CP minus MP = negative
MPE minus MPN = negative
MPN minus MPE = negative
RDP minus UDP = negative
MPN minus MPE = negative
96
They have both anti-nutritive and immunostimulant effects:
Beta-glucans of barley
Pentosans of rye
Both
Neither
Both
97
During haymaking, the plant cell respiration reduced the content of
Moisture
Carbohydrates
Proteins
All
Moisture
98
In the case of eubiosis in the animals intestinal flora
90 % main flora
50 % concomitant flora
10 % residual flora
Neither
90 % main flora
99
Which statement is correct ?
DE = GE minus Faecal Energy loss
ME = DE minus Faecal Energy loss
NEm = DE minus Urinary and Faecal Energy loss
NEg = DE minus Heat Loss
DE = GE minus Faecal Energy loss
100
RDP overfeeding reduces
Quantity of sperm cells
Lifespan of embryo
Conception rate
All
All
101
It belongs / They belong to the voluminous feeds:
Green alfalfa
Green alfalfa + Corn silage
Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay
Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay + Extracted sunflower meal
Green alfalfa + Corn silage + Meadow hay
102
Which feed additive will be phased out in the EU by 2022 ?
Copper sulphate
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium sulphate
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide
103
What feedstuff can be seen in the picture ?
Milk powder
104
Which statement is correct ?
The wheat bran has a higher protein content than that of wheat germ
The wheat bran has a higher ether extract content than that of wheat germ
The wheat bran has a higher fibre content than that of wheat germ
The wheat bran has a higher energy content than of wheat germ
The wheat bran has a higher fibre content than that of wheat germ
105
What causes the DOD (Developmental Orthopaedic DIsease) in large-breed puppies ?
* Excess Ca2+ intake
* Excess vitamin D intake
* Excess energy and nutrient intake
* Ca2+, P and vitamin D deficiencies
Ca2+, P and vitamin D deficiencies
106
Crude fiber (CF) determination is based on the following method:
Boiling of the feed in a weak acid solution
Boiling of feed in a weak alkaline solution
Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution
Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution followed by neutral treatment
Boiling of feed in a weak acid solution then in weak alkali solution followed by neutral treatment
107
It is / They are rich in linoleic acid:
Corn
Soybean
Both
Neither
Both
108
Which volatile FA is the most important metabolic substance of the rumen cellulolytic bacteria ?
Propionic acid
Lactic acid
Butyric acid
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
109
The microscopial qualification of feedstuffs can be used to recognise the contamination/s caused by
Ergot particles
Moulds
Insects
All
All
110
If the digestibility of dietary Crude protein (CP) is 80 %, it means that:
80 % of the consumed CP builds in the body tissues
80 % of the consumed CP has been absorbed
80 % of the absorbed CP builds in the body tissues
Only 20 % of the consumed CP has been lost via urine
80 % of the consumed CP has been absorbed
111
Which statement is false ?
The EU’s food safety policy is comprehensive and integrated
The success of the EU’s food safety policy demands greater responsibility, traceability and transparency
Official food safety controls are established only in the external border countries of the EU
Consumers must be provided with essential information
Official food safety controls are established only in the external border countries of the EU
112
What is the limiting essential amino acid in this feedstuff?
* Lys
* Met
* Thr
* Trp
**Sorghum**
Thr
113
In dairy cows, the beta-carotene deficiency may
Prolong the oestrus period
Increase the embryo mortality
Both
Neither
Both
114
What parameter/s must be considered to formulate daily rations in dairy cows ?
Number of lactation
Period of lactation
Milk sugar content (%)
All
Number of lactation
115
1. The following feedstuffs are … by-products
* Milling
* Starch industry
* Brewery
* Distillery
……….
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…………Malt Sprouts………….
………Brewers Grain………….
……………Fodder yeast………….
* Brewery
116
EU measures have established maximum levels for the following contaminant/s:
Erucic acid
Nitrates
Both
Neither
Both
117
The acid load of animals is decreased if the daily ration has high
P content
Cl content
Ca content
S content
Cl content
118
Microorganisms on feedstuffs require 14 – 25 % humidity:
Deposite fungi
Field fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
Deposite fungi
119
Leptin is:
An anabolic peptide
A catabolic peptide
A hormone released from the fat cells
A hormone released from the hypothalamus
A hormone released from the fat cells
120
During oxidative rancidity, these compounds cause the characteristic rancid odour
Fatty acids
Peroxides
Aldehydes
Glycerides
Fatty acids
121
Vitamin C deficiency may result in
Shortening of tibia in guinea pigs
Cage layer fatigue in laying hens
Both
Neither
Shortening of tibia in guinea pigs
122
Which feedstuff can be seen in the picture ?
Extracted soybean meal
Extracted rapeseed meal
Corn germ
Brewers grains
Extracted rapeseed meal
123
Metabolizable protein is used for expressing the protein requirements of
Lactating mares
Lactating sows
Dairy goats
All
Dairy goats
124
Pregnancy toxaemia in ewes is caused by
Energy deficiency
Protein deficiency
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Peroxide loading
Energy deficiency
125
Its / Their CP content is 35 - 50 %
Full-fat soya
Hot / cold-pressed cakes
Extracted meals
Corn gluten
Extracted meals
126
Maintenance energy requirement of dairy cows is expressed by:
ME
NEm
NEl
ME + NEm
NEm
127
Its / Their colour reflects the heat damage:
DDGS
Skim milk powder
Hay
All
All
128
It’s determined by in vitro enzymatic method:
Essential amino acid index (EAA)
Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
Both
Neither
Essential amino acid index (EAA)
129
In the case of sows, low-DCAD-value diets
Reduce the size of the following litter
Increase the pH of the urine
Reduce the risk of urinary tract infections
Improve ovulation rate
Reduce the risk of urinary tract infections
130
Calculation of the biological value (BV):
Retained N per N-intake
Facal N per N-intake
(Faceal N + Urinary N) per N-intake
Neither
Retained N per N-intake
131
Which statement is correct ?
Forages always have higher P content than Ca
Forages always have higher Ca content than P
Grasses should be cut at bud stage
Legumes should be cut at boot stage
Grasses should be cut at bud stage
132
Which statement is false ?
Lactulose selectively stimulate the growth of bacteria in the colon
Inulin improves the intestinal microbial balance in host animals
Plant extracts can increase the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes
Acidifiers can be used to decrease the gastric pH in piglets
Plant extracts can increase the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes
133
It is found primarily on corn, causing leukoencephalomalacia in horses;
Aflatoxin
Satratoxin
Fumonisine
Slaframine
Fumonisine
134
It can cause uterus prolapse and vulvar oedema in swine
Fumonisine
Zearalenone
Aflatoxin
Vomitoxin
Zearalenone
135
Dietary factors increasing uterus prolapse and vulvar oedema in swine in ensiling process;
Protein content
Alkali metals
Both
Neither
Neither
136
Feeding of young green forages can cause
Diarrhea
Toxicosis
Deficiencies
All
All
137
The approximate daily amount of maize silage for dairy cows is
5 – 10 kg
10 – 15 kg
20 – 30 kg
30 – 35 kg
20 – 30 kg
138
1. Which statement/s is/are correct for the feedstuff shown by the picture ?
* Its readily available carbohydrate content is mostly starch
* Its fiber content is easily digestible
* Both
* Neither
**Beet Pulp**
* **Its fiber content is easily digestible**
139
Its amount can be up to 40 % in diets for monogastric animals:
Soybean
Extracted soybean meal
Extracted sunflower meal
Cold-pressed rapeseed meal
Extracted soybean meal
140
It improves wound healing, promotes scar formation:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B6
Vitamin A
141
If the body condition below th optimum,
The re-breeding time is lengthened
The conception rate is decreased
Both
Neither
Both
142
The CP content of cereal grains
5 – 10 %
10 – 15 %
15 – 20 %
20 – 25 %
10 – 15 %
143
Determination of Nitrogen-free Extract (NfE) is based on:
Calculation by using data obatined from proximate analysis
Calculation by proximate analysis
Calculation by using data obtained from Kjeldahl method
Calculated by using data obtained from the Soxhlet method
Calculation made according to the N content of feed
Calculation by proximate analysis
Kjeldahl method = CP
Soxhlet method = EE
144
NPN means
Nitrogen-Provided Nucleosides
Non-Protein Nitrates
Non-Protein Nitrogen
Net Protein Nitrogen
Non-Protein Nitrogen
145
Taurine deficiency may cause … in cats
Acyclic ovarian function
Reduced conception rate
Embryo mortality
All
Embryo mortality
146
Characteristics of the microbial flora in the large intestine:
Produces vitamin B
Impairs the utility of nutrients
Produces toxin
Promotes the colonisation of pathogenic bacteria
Produces vitamin B
147
Which animal origin protein source can be given to pigs:
Fish meal
Insect protein
Both
Neither
Both
148
Its is a collection of standards and guidelines for the health protection of consumers
White Paper
Codex Alimentarius
EFSA’s scientific reports
HACCP system
Codex Alimentarius
149
Descending ulcerative dermatitis is caused by … deficiency in poultries
Vitamin B6
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Neither
Biotin
150
Its deficiency may result in curled toe disease in broilers:
Biotin
Vitamin B2
Mn
Cu
Vitamin B2
151
As a result of urea supplementation of the daily ration in ruminant sps, the following compounds can be produced:
Utilizable protein
Undegradable protein
Microbial protein
Utilizable protein + Undegradable protein
Microbial protein
152
They have a strong proinflammatory effect and are predominantly found in the lamina propria layer of the GI tract
Th1 cells
Th2 cells
Th10 cells
Th17 cells
Th17 cells
153
Which is / are the parts/s of GI tract from an immunoprotective point of view ?
Cellular
Humoral
Microbial
All
All
154
155
The polyphenols (eg tannins)
x Have antioxidant properties
x Increase Ca absorption
x Have sour taste
x Decrease surface tension
**x Have antioxidant properties**
x Increase Ca absorption = reduce
x Have sour taste = bitter
156
The positive protein balance in rumen means that
x (MFE + MFN)\>MF
x MFN\>FOM
x MFN\>MFE
x MFE\>MFN
x MFN\>MFE
157
Calculation of the digestible crude protein:
x Crude protein/digestibility coefficient
x Crude protein\*6.25/digestibility coefficient
x Digestibility coefficient\*6.25\*crude protein
x Crude protein\*digestibility coefficient
x Crude protein\*digestibility coefficient
158
F-2 mycotoxin can cause
Vulva swelling in sows
Pulmonary oedema in growing pigs
Liver neoplasia in all species
Salivation In horses
Vulva swelling in sows (+abortion)
159
Selenium deficiency can cause
x Alopecia
x Myopathy
x Blindness
x Agalactia
**x Myopathy (+ retained placenta, elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in diary cow, decreased ovium quality, increased embryo mortality, increased RFM, Metritis, Testicular atrophy**
x Blindness = deficient or overdose VIT A
x Agalactia - Tall fescue, ergovalin, dopamin agonist (prolactin secreation = agalactin, dystocin, abortion, ab. thermoreg = Hyperthermia
160
The MFN content of a feed is calculated like this:
x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the RDP
x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the FOM
x RDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the FOM
x NPN + microbial protein, predicted according to the UDP
x UDP + microbial protein, predicted according to the RDP
161
Digestion of proteins is decreased by
x Glycosinolates
x Trypsin inhibitors
x Gossypol
x All of them
x Trypsin inhibitors
x Glycosinolates = decrease N use
x Gossypol = decrease aa. availability
162
FOM is required in the rumen for the
x Synthesis of UDP
x Synthesis of RDP
x Synthesis of microbial protein
x The transport of UDP into the small intestine
x Synthesis of microbial protein
163
Canine parakeratosis can be caused by its deficiency
x Ca
x Mn
x Se
x Zn
x Zn
164
Its concentration in the animal body is regulated in unipolar way at the level of
excretion:
x Ca
x Cu
x Fe
x Na
**Na**
Unipolar at level of absorbtion - Fe
Unipolar at level of excretion - Na
Bipolar - Zn, Cu
165
Significance of prediction of feed intake:
x Setting up the nutrient density of diets made for monogastric animals
x Setting up the nutrient density of daily rations made for ruminants
x Both
x Neither of them
x Both
166
28. Ruminants can degrade the dietary cellulose
x With own enzymes
x With the enzymes produced by the rumen microbes
x Partly with own enzymes, partly with the enzymes produced by the rumen
microbes
x Neither the host animal nor the rumen microbes can degrade the cellulose
x With the enzymes produced by the rumen microbes
167
Mostly, it is the first limiting essential amino acid for growth in the diets of
monogastric animals:
x Met
x Lys
x Cys
x Trp
x Lys
168
The most sensitive to F2 toxin is the
x Broiler chick
x Swine
x Cat
x Dairy cow
x Swine
169
Their protein requirements are expressed by UDP:
x Pigs
x Poultries
x Cattle
x Neither of them
x Cattle
170
Characteristic of a good-quality corn silage:
x pH\<3
x butyric acid\>lactic acid
x acetic acid\>lactic acid
x pH\<5
x pH\<5
171
Their crude protein content is 35-50%
x Legume seeds
x Oil seeds
x Extracted meals
x Fish meals
**x Extracted meals = 35-50%**
x Legume seeds = 20-40%
x Oil seeds
x Extracted meals
x Fish meals = 60-70%
172
The ratio of Lys to Met regarding to protein synthesis in the rumen is almost optimal
in
x Extracted soymeal
x Extracted rapeseed meal
x Both of them
x Neither of them
**x Extracted rapeseed meal**
x Extracted soymeal - 4.4:1 - should be 3:1
x Extracted rapeseed meal - 2.7:1 -\> Should be 3
173
The crude protein of skim milk powder is about
x 1%
x 3.5%
x 10%
x 30%
**x 30%= Skim milk powder**
x 3.5% = Skim milk CP
174
Carotene in the blood can be measured in the case of
a) cow
b) cow and sheep
c) cow, goat and sheep
d) cow, goat sheep and pig
d) cow, goat sheep and pig
175
2. Which vitamins function is to help protein synthesis
- think is Vit B6- pyridoxin.
176
3. Which vitamins function is to carry CO2
... think its Biotin.
177
4. Synthetic antioxidants.
.. u had to pick which one it is.
* Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
* Butylated Hydroxytulene (BHT)
* Propyl Galllate (PG)
* Tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ)
178
5. What are prebiotics?
179
6. Descending dermatitis?
Zn and B5
180
7. Ascending dermatitis?
Biotin
181
8. Which vitamin can be measured by glutathione peroxidase activity (something
like that)
... think its vitamin B2, not sure look it up.
182
9. The formula for apparent metabolisability.
183
Know that good bacteria should be
90-99%, think it’s called
Eubiosis when good bacteria are found in this proportion. When they are below
this percentage it’s called dysbiosis.
184
13. Know the barriers of the gut of a ruminant.
* Anatomical barrier
(the enterocytes make it up)..
* Microbiological barrier (good bacteria of the gut prevent
the baddies from being absorbed),
* Immunological barrier
* Humoral barrier..
SOMETHING like that look them up.
185
14. Which mineral or vit is needed for cartilage SYNTHESIS-
Vit C or Mn !!!
186
15. The mineral whose deficiency causes bad coat problems...
ZINC.
187
16. Slipping of the calcaneus tendon in turkey!!
think its Biotin deficiency look it up.
188
17. Know the deficiency
Vit A, .... Vit E and selenium.. they especially like them.
- They like all vit deficiencies in general a big percentage of the exam is on those.
189
- Which mineral or vit is needed for COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS-
Vit C or Mn
190
It can cause colic in horses
* Dried beet pulp
* Wheat Bran
* Both
* Neither
Dried beet pulp
191
The chemical score (CS) reflects
* Crude protein content of the feed stuff
* Digestible crude protein of the feed stuff
* Aminoacid content of the feed protein
* Quantity of one essential amino acid in the feed protein
Aminoacid content of the feed protein
192
The role of short-term regulation of feed intake is to assure
* Body weight
* Energy reserves
* Body composition
* Neither
Body composition
193
194
Onset of puberty is closely correlated to
* Wither heights
* Fat content of body
* Protein content of body
* Age of animal
Fat content of body
195
The high concentrate feeding in racehorses is characterized by
* Low DCAB
* High DCAB
* Low urinary calcium
* Low phosphorus intake
Low DCAB
196
197
How to determine the N-free extract (NFE) content of feeds
* By Kjeldah method
* By Soxhlet method
* By Van Soest method
* By Calculation
**By Calculation**
* By Kjeldah method = CP
* By Soxhlet method = EE
* By Van Soest method = Fibre freaction
= Chemical tests
* By Calculation = OM, NFE, water content - proximate analysis
