Slide Show 3

Question 0

Organelle

Answer 0

The metabolic machinery of the cell. Each type of organelle carries out a specific function for the cell- some synthesize proteins, others package those proteins and so on.

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. when you define cell properties, you define the properties of life.

Question 2

Inclusion

Answer 2

are chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on cell type. Examples include stored nutrients, such as the glycogen granules in liver and muscle cells; lipid droplets in fat cells, pigment (melanin) granules in certain skin and hair cells.

Question 3

Nucleus (also know where it is)

Answer 3

The control center; responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis. Its the largest organelle, contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli and chromatin.

Question 4

Cytoplasm (locate it too in cell)

Answer 4

“Cell forming material”, the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, is the site of most cellular activities. Although early microscopists thought that the cytoplasm was a structureless gel, the electron microscope reveals that it consists of 3 major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions.

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

Membrane, composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane.

Question 6

Mitochondria (know what it looks like)

Answer 6

Lozenge shaped organelles, they are the power plant of the cell, providing most of the ATP supply.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

are small, dark staining granules, composed of proteins and a variety of RNAs. Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis.

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Its ribosomes manufacture all proteins secreted from cells. Cells ‘membrane factory’

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Answer 9

Play no role in protein synthesis. Metabolize lipides, synthesize cholesterol

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Consists of stacked and flattened membranous sacs, shaped like hollow dinner plates. the golgi is the ‘post office’ or traffic director. it’s main function is to modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids made at the rough ER and destined for export from the cell.

Question 11

Peroxisomes

Answer 11

spherical membranous sacs containing a variety of powerful enzymes. Neutralize free radicals.

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Sperical membranous organelles containing activated digestive enzymes. ‘the garbage man’

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

is the period from cell formation to cell division (the resting phase of the cell cycle)

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

The division of the nucleus (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase)

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

the division of the cytoplasm during late anaphase and is completed after mitosis ends.

Question 16

Prophase

Answer 16

first phase of mitosis

Question 17

Metaphase

Answer 17

2 centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell, the chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell.

Question 18

Anaphase

Answer 18

the shortest phase of mitosis, the centromeres of the chromosomes split simultaneously.

Question 19

Telophase

Answer 19

final phase of mitosis, Clevage phase

Question 20

Why is mitotic cell division important?

Answer 20

it’s essential for body growth and tissue repair.