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Philosophy 2 Final Exam > Slide Set 6 > Flashcards

Slide Set 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What hypothesis talks about spinal joint lesions that may trigger facilitation induced reflexes that impair or disturb visceral function?

A

Somatoautonomic Reflex Hypothesis

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2
Q

The somatoautonomic reflex hypothesis explains the purported effect of chiropractic adjustments on organ function or on total health through what?

A

Spinovisceral Reflexes

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3
Q

Descending inhibition can affect neural transmission in what cells?

A

Dorsal Horn Cells

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4
Q

Spinothalamic and dorsal column systems can be affected by what?

A

Centrally ordered mechanisms

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5
Q

Peripheral modulation is segmental facilitation that may result from?

A

Failure of damaged skeletal tissues to heal properly

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6
Q

Alterations of peripheral receptive fields may alter

A

spinal reflexes

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7
Q

What is aberrant sympathetic or parasympathetic activity associated with SDF, RDF, or any phase of VSC?

A

Somatoautonomic Dysfunction

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8
Q

Somatoautonomic dysfunction is a mechanism used to explain apparent effect of spinal manipulation on a wide range of what?

A

Visceral Disorders

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9
Q

Somatic Visceral Disease Mimicry is an alternate theory to explain what?

A

Somatovisceral Diseases

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10
Q

What is the actual cause of somatic visceral disease mimicry?

A

Somatic dysfunction mimicking symptoms of visceral diseases

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11
Q

What appears to be the most prevalent type of somatoautonomic dysfunction?

A

Sympathicotonia

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12
Q

What is probably the best justification for use of adjustment or CMT for other than pain syndromes?

A

Somatoautonomic Hypothesis

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13
Q

What hypothesis involves tissue and cellular responses to injury in the spine and includes infiltration of histamine, protein derived factors, eicosanoids, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, degradative enzymes and substance P and prestegious development of spinal lesions?

A

Inflammation Hypothesis

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14
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Rubor
Tumor
Dolor
Calor

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15
Q

What inflammation constitutes significant portion of chiropractic cases?

A

Joint and Musculoskeletal pain

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16
Q

What inflammation occurs after trauma?

A

Acute Inflammation

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17
Q

What is the result of acute inflammation?

A

Redness & Swelling
Edema
Neutrophils and Leukocytes

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18
Q

What inflammation can occur from onset?

A

Chronic Inflammation

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19
Q

What is the results of chronic inflammation?

A

Arthritic problems
Lumphocytes and Macrophages
Angiogenesis

20
Q

It’s difficult to study what type of changes that occur following spinal manipulation?

A

Arthritic

21
Q

What are the most visible changes with inflammation?

A

Changes to Synovial Membrane

22
Q

How do you manage inflammation?

A

Diet low in saturated fats
Fish Oil
VSC phase 1 lesions management
Move the joint

23
Q

What is the most striking characteristic of advanced aging?

A

Loss of Movement

24
Q

What hypothesis includes partial or total fixation or immobilization of the spinal joints, especially when combined with trauma, commonly promotes pro inflammatory changes, cartilage and disc destruction and ostophytic bony and architectural changes?

A

Immobilization Degeneration Hypothesis

25
Q

What occurs with the earliest stages of immobilization?

A

Synovial fluid thickens or becomes viscous

26
Q

What is fibrofatty consolidation?

A

Fibrin precipitates out of solution and vacuoles of fatty substance accumulate.

27
Q

Eventual infiltration of cellular components forming a matrix for deposition of hydroxyapatite in the final stages of what?

A

Ankylosis

28
Q

When the articular capsule is in the neutral position it stresses how?

A

Equally distribution

29
Q

When integrity of cartilage is breached, invasion of blood elements from bone into synovial space accelerates what process?

A

Ankylosis Process

30
Q

What ligament changes depending on position of joint when immobilized and location of ligaments?

A

Collateral Ligament

31
Q

Ligaments that are stretched maintain normal properties longer and may resemble what?

A

Hypermobile Ligaments

32
Q

Ligaments that are shortened undergo what?

A

Contracture

33
Q

Tendons so what when shortened?

A

Contracture

34
Q

Tendons do what when stretched?

A

Retain Integrity

35
Q

In the nucleus pulpous loss of proteoglycans cause loss of hydrostatic pressure and the disc becomes?

A

Deflated

36
Q

What is seen with muscle during immobilization?

A

Loss of muscle mass

37
Q

Immoblization atrophy begins during the first few days of what?

A

Muscle Disuse

38
Q

What are the gross changes associated with immobilization?

A 
Discomfort
Pain
Stiffness
Initial period of laxity followed by contracture and decreased elasticity
Prolonged = permanent impairment
39
Q

When the pt has acute LBP of sudden onset they are encouraged to do what?

A

Resume normal activities as soon as possible

40
Q

What is the treatment of osteoarthritis?

A

Chiropractic
Nutrition
Glucosamine Sulfate
Stretches/Exercise

41
Q

What is a local failure by deformation within the multi segmented structure of the spinal column?

A

Buckling

42
Q

What causes failure of a structure by separation?

A

Fracture

Structural Tearing

43
Q

Failure of a structure by deformation may be?

A

Subtle

44
Q

Failure of coordination can lead to what?

A

Buckling event

45
Q

What factors are associated with buckling event?

A

Singe overload event
Prolonged static posture
Loading rate higher than 500 lb/sec
Vibration

46
Q

How do you resolve buckling?

A

Apply external force
Appropriate movement/exercise
Manipulation

Philosophy 2 Final Exam (4 decks)

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