Slide Set 6 Flashcards
What hypothesis talks about spinal joint lesions that may trigger facilitation induced reflexes that impair or disturb visceral function?
Somatoautonomic Reflex Hypothesis
The somatoautonomic reflex hypothesis explains the purported effect of chiropractic adjustments on organ function or on total health through what?
Spinovisceral Reflexes
Descending inhibition can affect neural transmission in what cells?
Dorsal Horn Cells
Spinothalamic and dorsal column systems can be affected by what?
Centrally ordered mechanisms
Peripheral modulation is segmental facilitation that may result from?
Failure of damaged skeletal tissues to heal properly
Alterations of peripheral receptive fields may alter
spinal reflexes
What is aberrant sympathetic or parasympathetic activity associated with SDF, RDF, or any phase of VSC?
Somatoautonomic Dysfunction
Somatoautonomic dysfunction is a mechanism used to explain apparent effect of spinal manipulation on a wide range of what?
Visceral Disorders
Somatic Visceral Disease Mimicry is an alternate theory to explain what?
Somatovisceral Diseases
What is the actual cause of somatic visceral disease mimicry?
Somatic dysfunction mimicking symptoms of visceral diseases
What appears to be the most prevalent type of somatoautonomic dysfunction?
Sympathicotonia
What is probably the best justification for use of adjustment or CMT for other than pain syndromes?
Somatoautonomic Hypothesis
What hypothesis involves tissue and cellular responses to injury in the spine and includes infiltration of histamine, protein derived factors, eicosanoids, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, degradative enzymes and substance P and prestegious development of spinal lesions?
Inflammation Hypothesis
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Rubor
Tumor
Dolor
Calor
What inflammation constitutes significant portion of chiropractic cases?
Joint and Musculoskeletal pain
What inflammation occurs after trauma?
Acute Inflammation
What is the result of acute inflammation?
Redness & Swelling
Edema
Neutrophils and Leukocytes
What inflammation can occur from onset?
Chronic Inflammation
What is the results of chronic inflammation?
Arthritic problems
Lumphocytes and Macrophages
Angiogenesis
It’s difficult to study what type of changes that occur following spinal manipulation?
Arthritic
What are the most visible changes with inflammation?
Changes to Synovial Membrane
How do you manage inflammation?
Diet low in saturated fats
Fish Oil
VSC phase 1 lesions management
Move the joint
What is the most striking characteristic of advanced aging?
Loss of Movement
What hypothesis includes partial or total fixation or immobilization of the spinal joints, especially when combined with trauma, commonly promotes pro inflammatory changes, cartilage and disc destruction and ostophytic bony and architectural changes?
Immobilization Degeneration Hypothesis
What occurs with the earliest stages of immobilization?
Synovial fluid thickens or becomes viscous
What is fibrofatty consolidation?
Fibrin precipitates out of solution and vacuoles of fatty substance accumulate.
Eventual infiltration of cellular components forming a matrix for deposition of hydroxyapatite in the final stages of what?
Ankylosis
When the articular capsule is in the neutral position it stresses how?
Equally distribution
When integrity of cartilage is breached, invasion of blood elements from bone into synovial space accelerates what process?
Ankylosis Process
What ligament changes depending on position of joint when immobilized and location of ligaments?
Collateral Ligament
Ligaments that are stretched maintain normal properties longer and may resemble what?
Hypermobile Ligaments
Ligaments that are shortened undergo what?
Contracture
Tendons so what when shortened?
Contracture
Tendons do what when stretched?
Retain Integrity
In the nucleus pulpous loss of proteoglycans cause loss of hydrostatic pressure and the disc becomes?
Deflated
What is seen with muscle during immobilization?
Loss of muscle mass
Immoblization atrophy begins during the first few days of what?
Muscle Disuse
What are the gross changes associated with immobilization?
Discomfort Pain Stiffness Initial period of laxity followed by contracture and decreased elasticity Prolonged = permanent impairment
When the pt has acute LBP of sudden onset they are encouraged to do what?
Resume normal activities as soon as possible
What is the treatment of osteoarthritis?
Chiropractic
Nutrition
Glucosamine Sulfate
Stretches/Exercise
What is a local failure by deformation within the multi segmented structure of the spinal column?
Buckling
What causes failure of a structure by separation?
Fracture
Structural Tearing
Failure of a structure by deformation may be?
Subtle
Failure of coordination can lead to what?
Buckling event
What factors are associated with buckling event?
Singe overload event
Prolonged static posture
Loading rate higher than 500 lb/sec
Vibration
How do you resolve buckling?
Apply external force
Appropriate movement/exercise
Manipulation
