Slide Set 5

Question 1

What is a theoretical model of articular spinal lesions that incorporates the complex interaction of inflammatory degenerative and pathologic changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vascular, and connective tissues and may influence organ system function and health?

Answer 1

Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC)

Question 2

What are the phases of VSC?

Answer 2

Phase 1: segmental dysfunction
Phase 2: instability
Phase 3: stabilization

Question 3

What is the MC spinal lesion treated by chiropractors?

Answer 3

Segmental Dysfunction

Question 4

Segmental dysfunction is a term used in what?

Answer 4

Medicare Guidelines

Question 5

What does segmental dysfunction refer to?

Answer 5

Abnormal spinal function that is limited to a single motion segment. (C5-C6)

Question 6

Regional dysfunction is limited to what?

Answer 6

Specific spinal region (cervical, thoracolumbar)

Question 7

What are point tenderness or altered pin threshold to pressure over spinous process or in adjacent paraspinal muscles, loss of normal motion on one or more planes, and abnormal contraction or tenderness within the adjacent paraspinal muscles?

Answer 7

Triad of Signs of Segmental Dysfunction (SDF)

Question 8

What is the MC spinal lesion recognized by lessened or otherwise altered mobility, altered pressure threshold to pain and signs of neuromuscular dysfunction?

Answer 8

Segmental Dysfunction Hypothesis

Question 9

What is a key component of facilitation?

Answer 9

Nociception

Question 10

Somatosensory information travels to CNS via what?

Answer 10

Group I-IV afferents

Question 11

Group I and II afferents are what?

Answer 11

Thickly myelinated with a large diameter

Question 12

Group III afferents are what?

Answer 12

Thinly Myelinated

Question 13

Group IV afferents are what?

Answer 13

Unmyelinated

Question 14

Group IV afferents supply 40-60% of sensory information to what?

Answer 14

Muscle
Joints
Skin

Question 15

Group III and IV afferents make up 75% of sensory innervation to what?

Answer 15

Skeletal Muscle

Question 16

What is spinal fixation created experimentally by creating small cerebellar lesions of anesthetized animals?

Answer 16

Spinal Learning

Question 17

What is the gatterman-goe model?

Answer 17

Traumatic or postural strain of skeletal muscle that could generate a myofascial trigger point.

Question 18

Trigger point at spinal level leads to what?

Answer 18

Segmental Dysfunction

Question 19

Spinal manipulation modifies the discharge of what?

Answer 19

Group I and II afferents

Question 20

Spinal manipulation changes in muscle spindle input contributes to spinal manipulations effect on?

Answer 20

Muscle Spasm

Question 21

Data suggests sensory input from central structures may affect both axial and appendicular structures, perhaps more than sensory input from peripheral structures reflexly affects the axial skeleton. This is known as?

Answer 21

Noxious Stimulation of Deep Paraspinal Muscles