Slide Pack 2 Flashcards
Phylloxera scientific name?
Dactylosphaera vitifoliae
Phylloxera described in France as Phylloxera vastatrix means?
Devastator of vines
Only way to manage Phylloxera?
Graft varietals to resistant root stock
Munson knew why Texas is like France in what way?
Both have limey, high pH soils from Limestone formed a long time ago.
Munson found that American rootstock for European cultivars needed to have resistance to ?
1) limey high pH soils
2) cold hardiness
3) drought resistance (in this order)
What happened to prior rootstocks sent to France?
Became chlorotic and died due to high pH
Where was Phylloxera in the 1850’s?
Most major wine regions - France, Spain and Italy
How much decline in vineyard production in the 1860’s to 80’s was attributed to Phylloxera
70%
How much decline in vineyard production in the 1860’s to 80’s was attributed to Phylloxera?
70%
What multiple cures were tried but failed?
1) Flooding vineyards
2) Toxic sulfur chemicals
3) Urine
Munson attended school where and when?
Kentucky A&M, class of 1870
Munson organized what group?
Texas Horticulture Society
By what year was Munson’s work on grape hybridization and classification gaining attention?
1886
Munson sold Texas vinestock to who in Montpellier, France?
Planchon
Who came to Texas leading the 2nd French delegation in 1887?
Pierre Viala
Viala planned a one day meeting with Munson but stayed how long?
Three weeks
Munson advises Viala on what rootstock?
V. Berlandieri
On Viala’s return trip, what grapes does Munson recommend for rootstock?
V. Berlandieri, cinerea and cordifolia (vulpina)
V. Berlandieri (winter grape) is best suited for what soil?
Calcareous soils over limestone rock and is high pH resistant
V. Cinerea (Sweet Winter Grape) is found where? And is what?
N.E. Texas & central US.
Phylloxera resistant, high nematode resistant but poorly adapted to high calcium soils
V. Cordifolia/vulpina (Frost Grape) is found where?
Grows in isolated areas (woods and thickets) in N.E. Texas. Tolerates sandy and clay soils and is adapted to moderate pH soils and some alkaline
French awarded T.V. Munson with what?
The Chevaliers du Merit Agricole Legion of Honor
Institute in Cognac was founded for what purpose?
Help Cognac winegrowers plant vines grafted on phyloxera resisitant rootstock
Munson recommended to Luther Burbank what rootstock for California 1893 Phylloxera outback?
V. Rupestris
Munson wrote what book in 1909?
Foundations of American Grape Culture
What year did Munson die?
1913
What was the issue with American Phylloxera resistant rootstock?
Difficult to graft to French V. Vinifera
Three present day popular rootstocks in Texas?
SO4, SBB, and 1104 VP
Texas native grapes are making Vitis Vinifera resistant to what other disease?
Pierce’s Disease (Xylella fastidiosa)
PD is common where?
Southern US and growing problem in California due to global warming
What grape has been found to have a special single gene resistant to PD?
V. arizonica
Who bred the new grape using V. arizonica?
Dr. Andy Walker, UC Davis
New PD resistant grapes have what resulting cross?
95-97% V. vinifera, 3-5% V. arizonica
When did the Phylloxera outbreak in Europe start?
mid-1800’s
Native vines are resistant to Pd by two ways?
1) Thick protective layer that’s hard to breach
2) Exude sticky sap that repels root predators
What other three grapes did Munson identify?
1) V. rupestris (Rock/sand grape)
2) V. riparia (Riverbank grape)
3) V. mustangensis (Mustang grape)
V. Rupestris found in north and central Texas is?
1) Phylloxera resistant
2) Drought tolerant from deep roots
3) Intolerant of high calcium high pH soils
V. riparia found in US & NE Texas is?
1) HIgh Phylloxera resistant
2) Cold hardy
3) Intolerant of high calcium soils
