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Biomechanics Final > Slide 39- > Flashcards

Slide 39- Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five priorities of normal gait

A
  1. Stability of weight bearing foot
  2. Clearance of non weight bearing foot
  3. appropiate foot pre positioning during terminal swing
  4. Adequate step length
  5. Energy conversation
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2
Q

What is the site of greatest rotation between vertebrae

A

Typically between T6 and T7

Via theta Y

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3
Q

For normal gait to occur the pelvis must

A

Rotate and tilt. Theta X, theta Z

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4
Q

What muscle is affected by Trendelenburg sign

A

Weak Gluteus medius on the side of stance leg

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5
Q

What is the subtalar joint

A

The articulation of the talus and calcaneus

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6
Q

How does the subtalar joint function

A

As a metered hinge during gait

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7
Q

At the heel strike the ankle is

A

Dorsiflexed

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8
Q

During loading response the talorcrural joint is _________.

The subtalar joint is __________

A

Plantar flexion

Pronation

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9
Q

End of the midstance the tall rural joint is maximally _________ and the subtalar joint begins to _________.

A

Dorsiflexed

Supinate

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10
Q

When the heel is lifted the ankle is

A

Fully close packed- by combination of passive force and contraction from triceps surface

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11
Q

What maintains the medial arch

A

Plantar Fascia

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12
Q

The propulsive foot motion begins _______ and ends with ________.

A

When heel lift, toe off

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13
Q

When is the plantar fascia pulled tight

A

During the “windlass effect”

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14
Q

What two events are crucial in creating the rigid lever needed for ambulation

A

Windlass effect

Close pack position

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15
Q

The windlass effect makes the rear foot and forefoot closer together which

A

Increases the arch height necessary for stability

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16
Q

What muscles are involved with the intial swing

A

Rectus femoris, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus, TFL, pectineus, biceps femoris (short head)

17
Q

Early to mid portion of the swing phase what muscle is the prime mover

A

Iliopsoas

18
Q

What muscles are in the terminal swing

A

Hamstrings gluteus maximus, DECELERATE hip flexion and knee extension

19
Q

What is the main muscle during the initial stance

A

Adductor Magnus

20
Q

What muscle is the main one for midstance

A

Abductors

21
Q

What main muscle is during the terminal stance

A

Gluteus medius/minimus

22
Q

Muscle actions at the knee during swing and stance phase

A

Swing phase- quadriceps

Stance phase- quadriceps peak activity during the loading response. Hamstring coactivation during loading response

23
Q

The foot and ankle muscles associated with swing phase

A

Concentric: tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

24
Q

Muscle actions of foot and ankle during stance phase

A

Eccentric- tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, triceps surae

Concentric- triceps surae

25
Q

What are the two most important factors in absorbing the shock of impact

A
  1. Pronation of subtalar joint

2. Eccentric muscle actions

26
Q

How does tibialis anterior work

A

Concentric- dorsiflexed and invert the foot

Eccentrically- slows down. Plantar flexion after heel strike

27
Q

What are the actions of tibialis posterior

A

Concentric- plantarflex andinvert the foot

Eccentrically- it slows, dorsiflexion and pronation during midstance

28
Q

What is antalgic gait

A

Decrease in the stance period on the involved side in an attempt to eliminate the weight from the involved leg and use of the injured body part

29
Q

What is Equinus Gait

A

Toe walking

Common in patients with spastic diplegia

30
Q

What is gluteus Maximus gait

A

Weakness of gluteus Maximus , characterized by posterior thrustin of the trunk

Forward tilt of the pelvis and a resultant hyperlordosis of the spine

31
Q

What is quadriceps gait

A

Quadriceps weakness

Circumducting each leg

Leans the body toward the other side to balance the center of gravity

32
Q

What is spastic gait

A

Stiff, foot-dragging walk from contracture

Unilateral or bilateral UMN lesions

33
Q

Spastic hemiplegic gait results from

A

A unilateral UMN lesion, frequently seen following a stroke

34
Q

What is spastic paraparetic gait

A

Results from bilateral UMN lesion

35
Q

What is Ataxic Gait

A

Seen in two principal disorders

  1. Cerebellar disease
  2. Posterior column disease
36
Q

What are the symptoms of ataxic gait

A

Unsteady uncoordinated walk employing a wide base and the feet thrown out

37
Q

What occurs in patients with stoppage gait

A

Foot drop

38
Q

Step page gait results from

A

Weakness or paralysis of the dorsiflexor muscles

39
Q

The patient lifts the leg high and then slaps the foot on the floor in

A

Step page gait

Biomechanics Final (2 decks)

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