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Biomechanics Final > Slide 1-39 > Flashcards

Slide 1-39 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the COM

A

The point where all the mass of the object is concentrated

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2
Q

WHHATS COG

A

The point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated ( the average location of the weight of an object

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3
Q

What is the Plumb line or ideal gravity line

A

A vertical line representing gravity that passes through a systems center of mass/gravity

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4
Q

What is the BOS

A

Base of support

Area bound by regions of contact between the body and support surface or surfaces

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5
Q

What is balance

A

Aka stability

Ability to maintain center of gravity of an object within base of support

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6
Q

What is perturbation

A

Disruption of equilibrium

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7
Q

What are stability limits

A

Boundaries within which the body can maintain stability balance without changing BOS

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8
Q

What 5 mechanical factors impact stability

A
  1. BOS
  2. Height of COG over BOS
  3. Location of COG within BOS
  4. Body weight/ mass
  5. Friction
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9
Q

What is posture

A

The stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments

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10
Q

What are the types of posture

A

Static- standing, sitting, lying

Dynamic- walking/running, lifting

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11
Q

How do primary postural muscles work

A

Generate torque across joints to resist the tendency to be overthrown

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12
Q

How does the body maintain balance

A

Keeping the body’s COG over BOS

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13
Q

What is dynamic stability

A

The postural control process of controlling the body in space

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14
Q

What is feedforward control

A

Anticipatory postural control

Postural responses are made prior to voluntary movement that is potentially destabilizing

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15
Q

What is feedback control

A

Compensatory or reactive postural responses

Sensory feed back from unexpected external perturbations triggers postural responses

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16
Q

To maintain balance we integrate three inputs

A

Visual

Vestibular

Proprioceptive

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17
Q

How do you test the visual contribution to balance

A

Romberg test

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18
Q

How do we test vestibular contribution to balance

A

Calorific reflex test

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19
Q

How do we test contribution of proprioceptive to balance

A

Stand on unstable surface

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20
Q

In flat back the thoracic spine is ________ and the lumbar lordosis ___________

A

Decreased kyphosis

Decreased lumbar lordosis

21
Q

In sway back the thoracic spine is __________ and the lordosis ___________

A

Increased kyphosis

Decreased lordosis

22
Q

How much does ever inch of forward head carriage effect the weight of the head on the spine

A

10 pounds per inch

23
Q

What is the kinetic chain

A

Combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit

24
Q

What is open chain movement

A

Kinetic chain in the which the terminal segment can move freely

25
Q

What is closed chain movement

A

Kinetic chain in which the distal end of the extremity is fixed

26
Q

Example of chain movements

A

Open- bicep curl, bench press

Closed- push ups. Squats

27
Q

What is the step

A

The movement of ONE lower extremity from toe off to heel contact

28
Q

What is stride

A

TWO steps which each leg= 1 stride

Also called a gait cycle

29
Q

What is double support

A

The portion of one gait cycle in which both feet are in contact with the ground

30
Q

What is flight/float

A

Neither foot is in contact with the ground

31
Q

What distinguishes walking from running

A

Flight/float

32
Q

One complete gait cycle consists of

A

The movement when the foot first contacts the ground until that same foot again makes ground contact

33
Q

What is stance

A

LE is contacting the ground

34
Q

Whats swing

A

LE swinging through the air preparing for next impact

35
Q

How long does a typical walking gait cycle last

A

1 second

36
Q

Stance phase is when the

A

Distal end is fixed by ground reactive forces, closed chain motion

37
Q

What are the 3 sub phases of stance phase

A

Contact

Midstance

Propulsive

38
Q

What is more percentage stance or swing phase

A

Stance=60%

Swing= 40%

39
Q

In the swing phase the kinetic chain is

A

Freely mobile so this is an open chain motion

40
Q

How many gait cycles are performed daily

A

5000

41
Q

What is the first 1/3 of the stance phase

A

Contact- begins at the heel strike and ends when entire forefoot makes gourd contact (foot flat)

42
Q

What is loading response

A

Interval when the sole of the foot comes into contact with the ground and the WEIGHT OF THE BODY IS ACCEPTED ONTO THE SUPPORTING LIMB

43
Q

What is the second 1/3 of the stance phase

A

Midstance

Ends at the point of heel off/ push off

44
Q

What is the final 1/3 of the stance phase

A

Propulsive- begins the moment heel leave the ground

45
Q

During running how are the 3 phases of the “stance” phase divided

A

Contact- 20%

Midstance- 25%

Propulsive- 55%

46
Q

What are the three phases of the swing phase

A

Acceleration

Midswing

Deceleration

47
Q

When does acceleration begin

A

When toe off

48
Q

Midswing ends when the tibia is

A

Vertical and the swinging leg is forward

49
Q

When does deceleration end

A

With the heel strike

Biomechanics Final (2 decks)

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