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Phonetics > SLH > Flashcards

SLH Flashcards

1
Q

what is communication?

A

any exchange of meaning between a sender and receiver

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2
Q

what is required for communication?

A
  • a sender
  • a receiver
  • a message
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3
Q

what are some examples of communication?

A

sign language, body language, etc.

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4
Q

what is speech?

A

a vocalized form of human communication

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5
Q

what are the components of speech?

A

phonemes, syllables, prosody

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6
Q

what is the meaning or definition of each component of speech?

A

phonemes: the sounds of language that cause change in meaning (consonants & vowels)
syllables: units of speech that consists of both consequences and vowels
prosody: changes in pitch, stress, intensity, and duration of sounds (melody of speech)

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7
Q

what is language?

A

a standardized set of symbols, and the knowledge about how to combine those symbols, used to create meaning conveying ideas and feelings

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8
Q

what are the components of language?

A

form & content

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9
Q

what is the meaning of each component of language?

A

form: structure of a language (syntax & grammar)
content: the components of language as it relates to meaning

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10
Q

what is expressive vs receptive language?

A

expressive: modality
receptive: what you see, observe and take in

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11
Q

what falls into the category of speech disorders?

A

articulation and phonological disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders

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12
Q

what falls into the category of language disorders?

A

developmental language disorders (intellectual disabilities, autism, specific language impairment, dyslexia), acquired language disorders (TBI, strokes, progressive brain disease)

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13
Q

what is the difference between a delay, a difference, and a disorder?

A

disorder: any impairment that adversely affects communication
difference: communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in mainstream culture (no evidence of impairment)

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14
Q

explain the difference between hearing disorder type and severity

A

conductive: outer ear or middle ear (issue is getting sound to the ear) (
sensorineural: inner (issue is getting sound to brain)
mixed:

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15
Q

what’s the difference between impairment, disability and handicap?

A

impairment: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure functions (legs not working)
disability: a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs (they use a wheelchair)
handicap: a social, educational, or occupational disadvantage that results from an impairment or disability (not being able to use stairs; societal effect)

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16
Q

what preparation is required for SLP & AuD?

A

SLP scientists: PHD
SLP: MA/MS
AuD:

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17
Q

how did the fields of SLP and AuD begin?

A

one of the world wars; the soldiers were beginning to have hearing loss and they needed to be treated

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18
Q

what is culture, socialization, and acculturation

A

culture: language & dialects can be a part of people’s cultures, along with food, traditions and beliefs
socialization: process of people learning these customs and values (immigrant children going to American school)
acculturation: the adoption of a second culture (an immigrant from Mexico adopting American culture; can be desired or forced onto somebody)

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19
Q

what are the types of bilingualism and their definitions?

A

bilingualism: individual who speaks and understand two languages
simultaneous: learned 2 languages at the same time

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20
Q

what is sound?

A

disturbance of air molecules that stimulates an aural response in the nervous system

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21
Q

what is required for a sound source?

A

requires: mass (amount of matter), elasticity & inertia (equilibrium)

22
Q

what is amplitude vs pitch?

A

amplitude: distance from top of wave to bottom (peak to valley); perceived as loudness
pitch: frequency - number of cycles per second

23
Q

what is period?

A

length of time it takes to complete one cycle before repeating

24
Q

what is waveform?

A

a sound’s amplitude, frequency & period

25
Q

simple vs complex sound

A
  • simple: vibrates at a single frequency; rarely occurs in real world
    complex: vibrations that contain 2 or more frequencies; nearly all sounds in real world are complex (speech, music, applause)
26
Q

periodic vs. aperiodic sound

A

periodic: regular & repeating sound waves
aperiodic: no regular or repeating sound waves

27
Q

what are the major structures of the outer ear?

A
  • auricle (pinna)
  • concha
  • auditory canal & external auditory meatus
  • tympanic membrane (eardrum)
28
Q

what are the major structures of the middle ear?

A

ossicular chain: malleus, incus & stapes

29
Q

what are the major structures of the inner ear?

A

semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea

30
Q

how does sound propagate through the ear?

A
  • acoustic sound in ear canal
  • sound waves impinge on the tympanic membrane which vibrates
  • causes ossicular chain to move
  • moves the oval window
  • stimulate hair cells in the cochlea
31
Q

what is conductive loss?

A

bilateral; Air bone gap (AC threshold not normal)
- outer ear or middle ear affected

32
Q

what is sensorineural loss?

A
  • bilateral; no air bone gap; both AC and BC affected, and to the same degree
  • inner ear (problem with cochlea or 8th nerve lesion)
33
Q

what is an air-bone gap?

A

the difference between air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometric thresholds

34
Q

what is mixed loss?

A

both sensorineural & conductive

35
Q

what is a hearing loss configuration?

A

refers to degree and pattern of loss (sloping, rising, flat or unilateral)

36
Q

what is an audiogram?

A

a graph showing the results of the pure-tone hearing tests; illustrates the type, degree and configuration of hearing loss

37
Q

how do you read an audiogram and what are the components?

A
  • X axis: pitch or frequency
  • Y axis: loudness or intensity
38
Q

SLP vs. HL vs SL

A
39
Q

rehab vs hab

A
  • rehab: decrease the consequences of hearing loss; modifying communication skills as a result of acquired hearing implants
  • hab: children or those who are listening and learning to use speech and language skills for the first time
40
Q

4 major areas

A
  • sensory management
  • instruction
  • perceptual training
  • counseling
41
Q

hearing aids: purpose, goal and parts

A
  • purpose:
  • goal: to increase the intensity of the sounds to make people hear better
    parts: microphone, amplifier, receiver, battery
42
Q

what are the types of hearing aids?

A
  • behind the ear
  • in the ear
    in the canal
    completely in the canal
43
Q

what is an ALD?

A

they deliver the audio signal at an audible level (assistive listening device)

44
Q

What is an SNR?

A

signal to noise ratio: the signal intensity minus the noise intensity

45
Q

what is reverberation?

A

the time it takes for sound to die away to a level 60dB below its original level

46
Q

what needs may be addressed?

A
47
Q

what negatively impacts all listeners in an acoustic environment?

A

reverberation & SNR

48
Q

what is FM system?

A

uses radio waves to transmit audio signals to the listener (hearing aids)

49
Q

what is infrared system?

A

an assistive audio system to aid communication with hearing impaired people

50
Q

telephone devices/systems

A
51
Q

other ALDs

A

Phonetics (2 decks)

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