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Phonetics > Phonetics > Flashcards

Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

Approaches to the study of phonetics

A

perception, production, instrumental, developmental, cultural, historical

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2
Q

graphemes

A

written symbols; a unit in the writing system of a language

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3
Q

phonemes

A

speech sounds; the smallest and most basic speech segment that has the function of distinguishing morphemes

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4
Q

morphemes

A

the smallest unit of a language that carries meaning

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5
Q

orthography

A

the conventional system of written spelling used in a language

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6
Q

isomorphism

A

a one-to-one correspondence between the members of two sets; there is no isomorphism between sounds and symbols in written English

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7
Q

what are the 3 systems of speech production?

A

supralaryngeal, laryngeal, respirator

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8
Q

respiratory system function in speech

A

inhale, exhale; we speak on the exhale

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9
Q

laryngeal system function in speech

A

larynx & vocal folds

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10
Q

supralaryngeal system function in speech

A

(vocal tract) the filter for speech; as we move it, the sounds change

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11
Q

what do the vocal folds do?

A

create our sound source

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12
Q

vocal folds are spread apart:

A

no phonation (abducted)

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13
Q

vocal folds are pulled together:

A

phonation (adducted)

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14
Q

what are the regions of the tongue from front to back?

A

tip, blade, body (front & center), dorsum (back), and root

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15
Q

articulation

A

moving the moveable parts

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16
Q

articulation in reguards to speech

A

the moveable parts of the vocal system that contribute to the production of consonants and vowels

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17
Q

what are the cavities in the supralaryngeal system?

A

nasal cavity (sinuses), oral cavity, and pharyngeal cavity (throat)

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18
Q

what are the 5 parameters of describing consonant production?

A

phonation, place of articulation, nasality, secondary articulations, manner of articulation

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19
Q

phontion

A

when the vocal folds are vibrating

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20
Q

places of articulation (7)

A

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar

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21
Q

bilabial

A

lips are closed together (b in boy)

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22
Q

labiodental

A

lips are between the teeth (f in fish)

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23
Q

interdental

A

tongue in between teeth (th as in think)

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24
Q

alveolar

A

blade of tongue hits roof of mouth (t as in toy)

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25
Q

alveopalatal

A

front of tongue hits roof of mouth (sh as in shoe)

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26
Q

palatal

A

front of tongue goes up towards roof (y in yellow)

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27
Q

velar

A

center of tongue hits roof (g in go)

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28
Q

nasality

A

when the velum is down (and the port is open) (n in nancy; allows air out of the noise)

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29
Q

secondary articulations

A

lateral: if the sides of the tongue are curled down (l in lady; you can feel air on sides of tongue)
central: if the sides of tongue are not curled down
retroflex: if the tip of tongue is curled up and back (r in rabbit)

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30
Q

manners of articulation

A

stops, fricatives (v,f), affricates (ch, j), approximants (consanats with vowel sounds)

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31
Q

3 parameters for vowel articulation

A

jaw height, tongue frontness-backness, lip shape

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32
Q

jaw height

A

high vowel (closed): jaw is raised (ea in seat)
low vowel (open): jaw is dropped (o in hot)

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33
Q

tongue frontness/backness

A

front vowel: tongue is advanced (foward; e in bet)
back vowel: tongue is retracted (au as in haul)

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34
Q

lip shaped

A

rounded vowel: lips are pursed (u in suit)
spread lip (neutral): lips are spread (ee in steep)

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35
Q

vowel tongue placements (4)

A

high-front, high-back, low-front, low-back

36
Q

high front

A

short jaw, tongue in front (ea in meat)

37
Q

high-back

A

rounded lips, short jaw, tongue in back (oo in moot)

38
Q

low-front

A

tall jaw, tongue slightly in front (a in cat)

39
Q

low-back

A

tall jaw, tongue in back (o in cog)

40
Q

schwa

A

never stressed

41
Q

carrot/wedge

A

always stressed

42
Q

suprasegmental

A

the production of speech involves more than the articulation of consonants and vowels

43
Q

the source of suprasegmental qualities

A

stress & intonation

44
Q

diacritics

A

syllable mark: .
stress mark: ‘
intonation contours: swoop above words
duration marker: 2 little arrows on top of each other

45
Q

VOT

A

helps you tell the difference between voiced and unvoiced stops (d & t, k & g, p & b); the time at which voicing begins with respect to the release of stop closure

46
Q

articulation and phonation happen ____

A

separately

47
Q

negative VOT

A

voicing starts before the release of the stop (voicing never really stopped) (only b, d, g)

48
Q

0 VOT

A

voicing begins at the moment you release the stop (p, t & k and when b, d, and g are an utterance like “bud”) EITHER ONE

49
Q

positive VOT

A

voicing starts after your release the stop (only p, t k) n

50
Q

ʃ

A

“Sh” unvoiced, oral, alveo-palatal fricative

51
Q

θ

A

“th” unvoiced, oral, inter-dental, fricative

52
Q

diacritic for aspiration

A

[h]

53
Q

unreleased stop

A

◌̚

54
Q

p

A

“p” voiceless, oral, bilabial stop

55
Q

b

A

“b” voiced, oral, bilabial stop

56
Q

m

A

“m” voiced, bilabial, nasal stop

57
Q

w

A

“w” voiced, bilabial OR velar, oral approximant

58
Q

f

A

“f” voiceless, labiodental, oral, fricative

59
Q

v

A

“v” voiced, labiodental, oral fricative

60
Q

ð

A

“th” voiced, interdental, oral fricative

61
Q

t

A

“t” unvoiced, alveolar, oral, stop

62
Q

d

A

“d” voiced, alveolar, oral stop

63
Q

n

A

“n” voiced, alveolar, nasal, stop

64
Q

ɾ

A

“tt” (butter) voiced, alveolar, flap, stop

65
Q

s

A

”s” unvoiced, alveolar, oral, fricative

66
Q

z

A

“z” voiced, oral, alveolar, fricative

67
Q

l

A

“l” voiced, alveolar, oral, lateral, approximant

68
Q

r

A

“r” voiced, alveolar, oral, retroflex, approximant

69
Q

tʃ

A

“ch” unvoiced, oral, alveopalatal, affricate

70
Q

d3

A

“j” voiced, oral, alveopalatal, affricate

71
Q

ʒ

A

“azure” voiced, oral, alveopalatal, fricative

72
Q

j

A

“y in yellow” voiced, oral, palatal, approximant

73
Q

k

A

“ck” “k” unvoiced, velar, oral, stop

74
Q

g

A

“g” voiced, oral, velar, stop

75
Q

ŋ

A

“ng” voiced, nasal, velar, stop

76
Q

ʔ

A

“uh-“ unvoiced, oral, glottal, stop

77
Q

h

A

“h” unvoiced, oral, glottal, fricative

78
Q

̊

A

voiceless

79
Q

̬

A

voiced

80
Q

̩

A

syllabic consonant mark

81
Q

̤

A

breathy voice

82
Q

̰

A

creaky voiced

83
Q

̃

A

nasality

84
Q

.

A

syllable marker

85
Q

larynx

A

voice “box”; where our vocal folds are

86
Q

mcgurk effect

A

an auditory-visual illusion that illustrates how perceivers merge information for speech sounds across sense; we see what we hear

87
Q

dialect vs accent

A

dialect: refers more to language & phonology; variation of a language
accent: your speech production; the way you produce the speech

Phonetics (2 decks)

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