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Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

Approaches to the study of phonetics

A

perception, production, instrumental, developmental, cultural, historical

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2
Q

graphemes

A

written symbols; a unit in the writing system of a language

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3
Q

phonemes

A

speech sounds; the smallest and most basic speech segment that has the function of distinguishing morphemes

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4
Q

morphemes

A

the smallest unit of a language that carries meaning

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5
Q

orthography

A

the conventional system of written spelling used in a language

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6
Q

isomorphism

A

a one-to-one correspondence between the members of two sets; there is no isomorphism between sounds and symbols in written English

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7
Q

what are the 3 systems of speech production?

A

supralaryngeal, laryngeal, respirator

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8
Q

respiratory system function in speech

A

inhale, exhale; we speak on the exhale

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9
Q

laryngeal system function in speech

A

larynx & vocal folds

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10
Q

supralaryngeal system function in speech

A

(vocal tract) the filter for speech; as we move it, the sounds change

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11
Q

what do the vocal folds do?

A

create our sound source

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12
Q

vocal folds are spread apart:

A

no phonation (abducted)

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13
Q

vocal folds are pulled together:

A

phonation (adducted)

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14
Q

what are the regions of the tongue from front to back?

A

tip, blade, body (front & center), dorsum (back), and root

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15
Q

articulation

A

moving the moveable parts

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16
Q

articulation in reguards to speech

A

the moveable parts of the vocal system that contribute to the production of consonants and vowels

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17
Q

what are the cavities in the supralaryngeal system?

A

nasal cavity (sinuses), oral cavity, and pharyngeal cavity (throat)

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18
Q

what are the 5 parameters of describing consonant production?

A

phonation, place of articulation, nasality, secondary articulations, manner of articulation

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19
Q

phontion

A

when the vocal folds are vibrating

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20
Q

places of articulation (7)

A

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar

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21
Q

bilabial

A

lips are closed together (b in boy)

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22
Q

labiodental

A

lips are between the teeth (f in fish)

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23
Q

interdental

A

tongue in between teeth (th as in think)

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24
Q

alveolar

A

blade of tongue hits roof of mouth (t as in toy)

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25
alveopalatal
front of tongue hits roof of mouth (sh as in shoe)
26
palatal
front of tongue goes up towards roof (y in yellow)
27
velar
center of tongue hits roof (g in go)
28
nasality
when the velum is down (and the port is open) (n in nancy; allows air out of the noise)
29
secondary articulations
lateral: if the sides of the tongue are curled down (l in lady; you can feel air on sides of tongue) central: if the sides of tongue are not curled down retroflex: if the tip of tongue is curled up and back (r in rabbit)
30
manners of articulation
stops, fricatives (v,f), affricates (ch, j), approximants (consanats with vowel sounds)
31
3 parameters for vowel articulation
jaw height, tongue frontness-backness, lip shape
32
jaw height
high vowel (closed): jaw is raised (ea in seat) low vowel (open): jaw is dropped (o in hot)
33
tongue frontness/backness
front vowel: tongue is advanced (foward; e in bet) back vowel: tongue is retracted (au as in haul)
34
lip shaped
rounded vowel: lips are pursed (u in suit) spread lip (neutral): lips are spread (ee in steep)
35
vowel tongue placements (4)
high-front, high-back, low-front, low-back
36
high front
short jaw, tongue in front (ea in meat)
37
high-back
rounded lips, short jaw, tongue in back (oo in moot)
38
low-front
tall jaw, tongue slightly in front (a in cat)
39
low-back
tall jaw, tongue in back (o in cog)
40
schwa
never stressed
41
carrot/wedge
always stressed
42
suprasegmental
the production of speech involves more than the articulation of consonants and vowels
43
the source of suprasegmental qualities
stress & intonation
44
diacritics
syllable mark: . stress mark: ' intonation contours: swoop above words duration marker: 2 little arrows on top of each other
45
VOT
helps you tell the difference between voiced and unvoiced stops (d & t, k & g, p & b); the time at which voicing begins with respect to the release of stop closure
46
articulation and phonation happen ____
separately
47
negative VOT
voicing starts before the release of the stop (voicing never really stopped) (only b, d, g)
48
0 VOT
voicing begins at the moment you release the stop (p, t & k and when b, d, and g are an utterance like "bud") EITHER ONE
49
positive VOT
voicing starts after your release the stop (only p, t k) n
50
ʃ
"Sh" unvoiced, oral, alveo-palatal fricative
51
θ
"th" unvoiced, oral, inter-dental, fricative
52
diacritic for aspiration
[h]
53
unreleased stop
◌̚
54
p
"p" voiceless, oral, bilabial stop
55
b
"b" voiced, oral, bilabial stop
56
m
"m" voiced, bilabial, nasal stop
57
w
"w" voiced, bilabial OR velar, oral approximant
58
f
"f" voiceless, labiodental, oral, fricative
59
v
"v" voiced, labiodental, oral fricative
60
ð
"th" voiced, interdental, oral fricative
61
t
"t" unvoiced, alveolar, oral, stop
62
d
"d" voiced, alveolar, oral stop
63
n
"n" voiced, alveolar, nasal, stop
64
ɾ
"tt" (butter) voiced, alveolar, flap, stop
65
s
"s" unvoiced, alveolar, oral, fricative
66
z
"z" voiced, oral, alveolar, fricative
67
l
"l" voiced, alveolar, oral, lateral, approximant
68
r
"r" voiced, alveolar, oral, retroflex, approximant
69
tʃ
"ch" unvoiced, oral, alveopalatal, affricate
70
d3
"j" voiced, oral, alveopalatal, affricate
71
ʒ
"azure" voiced, oral, alveopalatal, fricative
72
j
"y in yellow" voiced, oral, palatal, approximant
73
k
"ck" "k" unvoiced, velar, oral, stop
74
g
"g" voiced, oral, velar, stop
75
ŋ
"ng" voiced, nasal, velar, stop
76
ʔ
"uh-" unvoiced, oral, glottal, stop
77
h
"h" unvoiced, oral, glottal, fricative
78
̊
voiceless
79
̬
voiced
80
̩
syllabic consonant mark
81
̤
breathy voice
82
̰
creaky voiced
83
̃
nasality
84
.
syllable marker
85
larynx
voice "box"; where our vocal folds are
86
mcgurk effect
an auditory-visual illusion that illustrates how perceivers merge information for speech sounds across sense; we see what we hear
87
dialect vs accent
dialect: refers more to language & phonology; variation of a language accent: your speech production; the way you produce the speech

Phonetics (2 decks)

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