sleepterms Flashcards
A unit of frequency; preferred term to the synonym, cycles per second.
Hertz (Hz)
The number of “peaks” (EEG waves) occurring in a one second time frame.
Cycles per second (cps)
Reduced quality compared to that which would be expected in the subjects usual sleeping environment without recording equipment. Habitation to the laboratory setting is found by the second night of recording.
First Night Effect
Also known as stages 3 and 4. Sleep, slow, wave sleep. Restorative sleep Delta sleep
Deep Sleep
A condition where one’s internal clock is moved back (delayed) in a given 24 hour sleep wake cycle.
Delayed Sleep Phase
A subjective report of maintaining wakefulness and a rapid initiation into sleep when the individual is sedentary. Most commonly occurs during the daytime, however excessive sleepiness may be present at night in an individual who has major sleep period during the day time such as shift workers.
Excessive Daytime Somnolence (EDS)
Corresponds to a page of the polysomnogram. Typically is 30 seconds in duration (considering you are running at 10 mm/sec)
Epoch
Stage of sleep in which a person is in stage 3 or 4. Also known as slow wave sleep.
Delta Sleep Stage
Happening in the daytime
Diurnal
A recording of electrical activity from the muscular system by means of surface electrodes placed placed in designated areas during sleep. Ex: Chin: mentalis, submentalis, masseter, leg: anterior tibialis; intercostals.
(EMG) Electromyogram
A recording of voltage changes resulting from shifts in position of the ocular globes by means of electrodes placed near the eyes to record the movement of the eyeballs.
EOG- Electro-Oculogram
A recording of electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head. Used to score the stages of sleep
EEG- Electroencephalogram
Primary disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep (or wakefulness).
Dyssomnia
Stage of subtle wakefulness pior to sleep onset
Drowsiness
A stage of sleep in neonates and infants equivalent to REM sleep in adults.
Active Sleep
EEG waveform activity in the 8-13 Hz (cycles per second) range. Considered as the “wake” stage.
Alpha Activity
Alpha waves overriding/superimposing on all other sleep stages.
Alpha Intrusion
A daily fluctuation of physiological or behavioral functions, including sleep wake states generally tied to the 24 hour daily dark light cycle, but sometimes at a measurably different periodicity when light dark and other time cues are removed
Circadian Rhythm
EEG waveform 8-13 Hz range. Considered as the wake state. Seen predominately in the occipital regions
Alpha Rhythm
Stage of sleep considered to be wake.
Alpha Sleep
Sleep Alpha waves overriding/superimposing on delta/slow wave sleep is?
Alpha-Delta
Cessation of nasal/oral airflow lasting at least 10 seconds in duration (adults).
Apnea
A breathing pattern characterized by regular crescendo decrescendo fluctuations in respiratory rate tidal volume.
Cheynes Stokes Respiration
The total number of apneic and hypopneic episodes per hour of sleep.
Apnea-Hypopnea index
The total number of apneic episodes including obstructive, mixed and central apneas per hour of sleep.
Apnea index
Without normal tension or muscle tone is called?
Atonic
A brief interruption in sleep; usually a 10-30% interruption on the opoch which may or may not cause a stage change.
Arousal
EEG waveform with a frequency of greater than 13 Hz (cycles per second)
Beta Activity
EEG waveform which may be drug induced?
Beta Rhythm
Refers to a sudden loss of muscle tone usually associated with a strong emotional stimulus. Appears to be sudden. On set of REM related muscle atonia but without loss of consciousness.
Cataplexy
Rapid, partial flexion of the foot at the ankle, extension of the big toe, and partial flexion of the knee and the hip that occurs during sleep. The movements occur with a periodicity of 20-60 seconds in a pattern lasting 0.5-5.0 seconds in duration.
Periodic limbe Movement (PLM)
Excessive sleepiness, deep or prolonged major sleep period. May be associated with difficulty awakening or sleep drunkenness.
Hypersomnia
Synonomous with REM sleep, the preferred term
Paradoxical Sleep
Occurrene of an event during the transition from wakefulness to sleep
Hypnogogic
Occurrence of an event during the transition from sleep to wakefulness
Hypnopompic
An episode of shallow breathing (diminished airflow) during sleep lasting 10 seconds or longer; usually associated with a fall in blood oxygen saturation value.
Hypopnea
Difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep.
Insomnia
A sharp, biphasic EEG wave followed by a high voltage slow wave. The complex duration is at least 0.5 seconds and may be accompanied by a sleep spindle.
K Complex
Term used to denote and unpleasant and frightening dream that usually occurs in REM sleep. AKA dream anxiety attack
Nightmare
A series of measurements to assess wakefulness in darkened room while in a semi reclined position. Long latencies to sleep are indicative of ability to remain awake. most useful for assessing the effects of medications upon the ability to remain awake.
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)
A series of measurements whereby subjects are allowed a fixed number of opportunities to fall asleep during their customary awake period. Excessive sleepiness is characterized by short latencies. long latencies are helpful in distinguishing physical tiredness or fatigue from true sleepiness.
Multiple Sleep Latency Test
EEG and EOG tracings are obscured for more than half the scoring epoch because of movement. The preceding and succeeding opochs are in sleep.
Movement Time (MT)
A body movement associated with an EEG pattern of arousal or a full awaking, a sleep scoring variable.
Movement Arousal
The particular arrangement by which a number of derivations are displayed simultaneously in a polysomnogram
Montage
Same as periodic limber Movement?
PMS or Periodic Movement of Sleep
The number of sleep related periodic limb movements per hour of sleep that are associated with an EEG arousal.
PLM/Arousal index
The number of periodic limb movements per hour of total sleep time
PLM Index
The beginning of sleep by entrance directly into stage REM sleep. The onset of REM sleep occurs within 10 minutes of sleep onset.
Sleep Onset REM Period (SOREMP)
The transition from awake to sleep
Sleep onset
The duration of time measured from “lights out” or bedtime to the onset of sleep
Sleep Latency
The proportion of sleep in the eqpisode potentially filled by sleep. The ratio of total sleep time to time in bed.
Sleep efficiency
A form of theta rhythm that occurs during REM sleep and is characterized by a notched appearance in the waveform. Occurs in burst lasting up to 10 seconds in duration.
Sawtooth Wave
The continuous & simultaneous recording of physiological variables during sleep that include three basic stage scoring parameters such as EEG, EOG, EMG; and EKG respiratory airflow, respiratory movements, limb movements, and other electrophysiological variables
PSG
A function that expresses the frequency of eye movements per unit time during sleep stage REM
REM density
A term used for describing NREM sleep in infants and animals when specific NREM sleep stages 1-4 cannot be determined
Quiet Sleep
The interval from sleep onset to the first appearance of stage REM sleep in the sleep episode
REM Sleep Latency
Lengthening and increase in frequency and density of REM sleep episodes which result in an increase in REM- sleep deprivation once the depriving influence is removed
REM sleep Rebound (Recovery)
This term quantifies the number of apneas (obstructive, mixed, central) and hypopneas per hour of sleep time. Another name used is Apnea & Hypopnia Index (AHI)
Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI)
Periodic Movement of Sleep (PMS) is also known as ?
Periodic Limb movement
Immobility of the body that occurs in the transition from sleep to wakefulness which is a partial manifestation of REM sleep
Sleep paralysis
The natural periodic cycle of penile erections that occur during sleep, typically associated with REM sleep; Consists of 4 phases: T-up, T-max, T-down, and t-zero. It is preferred term over NPT
Sleep Related Erections (SRE’s)
Somniloqui is also known as what?
Sleep Talking
What stage of sleep does sleep talking normally occur?
- REM
- NREM
- During transitory arousals from NREM
- During Delta sleep
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 1, 3, 4
D. All of the above
B. 1 & 3
Sleep talking can occur during REM at which time it represents a motor break through of dream speech. Can occur in the course of transitory NREM sleep as well
The clock hour relationship of the major sleep & wake episodes in the 24 hr cycle is known as?
Sleep-Wake Cycle
The duration of the time from sleep onset to final awaking. It is comprised of the time taken up by wake periods and movement time until you wake up. AKA time in bed?
Total Recording Time (TRT)
The amount of actual sleep time in a recording period equal to total recording time less total wake time. It includes total REM and NREM sleep in a sleep episode
Total Sleep Time (TST)
The EEG pattern of newborns characterized by burst of slow waves, at times intermixed with sharp waves and intervening periods of relative quiescience with extreme low amplitude activity.
Trace Alternant
