sleepterms

Question 1

A unit of frequency; preferred term to the synonym, cycles per second.

Answer 1

Hertz (Hz)

Question 2

The number of “peaks” (EEG waves) occurring in a one second time frame.

Answer 2

Cycles per second (cps)

Question 3

Reduced quality compared to that which would be expected in the subjects usual sleeping environment without recording equipment. Habitation to the laboratory setting is found by the second night of recording.

Answer 3

First Night Effect

Question 4

Also known as stages 3 and 4. Sleep, slow, wave sleep. Restorative sleep Delta sleep

Answer 4

Deep Sleep

Question 5

A condition where one’s internal clock is moved back (delayed) in a given 24 hour sleep wake cycle.

Answer 5

Delayed Sleep Phase

Question 6

A subjective report of maintaining wakefulness and a rapid initiation into sleep when the individual is sedentary. Most commonly occurs during the daytime, however excessive sleepiness may be present at night in an individual who has major sleep period during the day time such as shift workers.

Answer 6

Excessive Daytime Somnolence (EDS)

Question 7

Corresponds to a page of the polysomnogram. Typically is 30 seconds in duration (considering you are running at 10 mm/sec)

Answer 7

Epoch

Question 8

Stage of sleep in which a person is in stage 3 or 4. Also known as slow wave sleep.

Answer 8

Delta Sleep Stage

Question 9

Happening in the daytime

Answer 9

Diurnal

Question 10

A recording of electrical activity from the muscular system by means of surface electrodes placed placed in designated areas during sleep. Ex: Chin: mentalis, submentalis, masseter, leg: anterior tibialis; intercostals.

Answer 10

(EMG) Electromyogram

Question 11

A recording of voltage changes resulting from shifts in position of the ocular globes by means of electrodes placed near the eyes to record the movement of the eyeballs.

Answer 11

EOG- Electro-Oculogram

Question 12

A recording of electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head. Used to score the stages of sleep

Answer 12

EEG- Electroencephalogram

Question 13

Primary disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep (or wakefulness).

Answer 13

Dyssomnia

Question 14

Stage of subtle wakefulness pior to sleep onset

Answer 14

Drowsiness

Question 15

A stage of sleep in neonates and infants equivalent to REM sleep in adults.

Answer 15

Active Sleep

Question 16

EEG waveform activity in the 8-13 Hz (cycles per second) range. Considered as the “wake” stage.

Answer 16

Alpha Activity

Question 17

Alpha waves overriding/superimposing on all other sleep stages.

Answer 17

Alpha Intrusion

Question 18

A daily fluctuation of physiological or behavioral functions, including sleep wake states generally tied to the 24 hour daily dark light cycle, but sometimes at a measurably different periodicity when light dark and other time cues are removed

Answer 18

Circadian Rhythm

Question 19

EEG waveform 8-13 Hz range. Considered as the wake state. Seen predominately in the occipital regions

Answer 19

Alpha Rhythm

Question 20

Stage of sleep considered to be wake.

Answer 20

Alpha Sleep

Question 21

Sleep Alpha waves overriding/superimposing on delta/slow wave sleep is?

Answer 21

Alpha-Delta

Question 22

Cessation of nasal/oral airflow lasting at least 10 seconds in duration (adults).

Answer 22

Apnea

Question 23

A breathing pattern characterized by regular crescendo decrescendo fluctuations in respiratory rate tidal volume.

Answer 23

Cheynes Stokes Respiration

Question 24

The total number of apneic and hypopneic episodes per hour of sleep.

Answer 24

Apnea-Hypopnea index

Question 25

The total number of apneic episodes including obstructive, mixed and central apneas per hour of sleep.

Answer 25

Apnea index

Question 26

Without normal tension or muscle tone is called?

Answer 26

Atonic

Question 27

A brief interruption in sleep; usually a 10-30% interruption on the opoch which may or may not cause a stage change.

Answer 27

Arousal

Question 28

EEG waveform with a frequency of greater than 13 Hz (cycles per second)

Answer 28

Beta Activity

Question 29

EEG waveform which may be drug induced?

Answer 29

Beta Rhythm

Question 30

Refers to a sudden loss of muscle tone usually associated with a strong emotional stimulus. Appears to be sudden. On set of REM related muscle atonia but without loss of consciousness.

Answer 30

Cataplexy

Question 31

Rapid, partial flexion of the foot at the ankle, extension of the big toe, and partial flexion of the knee and the hip that occurs during sleep. The movements occur with a periodicity of 20-60 seconds in a pattern lasting 0.5-5.0 seconds in duration.

Answer 31

Periodic limbe Movement (PLM)

Question 32

Excessive sleepiness, deep or prolonged major sleep period. May be associated with difficulty awakening or sleep drunkenness.

Answer 32

Hypersomnia

Question 33

Synonomous with REM sleep, the preferred term

Answer 33

Paradoxical Sleep

Question 34

Occurrene of an event during the transition from wakefulness to sleep

Answer 34

Hypnogogic

Question 35

Occurrence of an event during the transition from sleep to wakefulness

Answer 35

Hypnopompic

Question 36

An episode of shallow breathing (diminished airflow) during sleep lasting 10 seconds or longer; usually associated with a fall in blood oxygen saturation value.

Answer 36

Hypopnea

Question 37

Difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep.

Answer 37

Insomnia

Question 38

A sharp, biphasic EEG wave followed by a high voltage slow wave. The complex duration is at least 0.5 seconds and may be accompanied by a sleep spindle.

Answer 38

K Complex

Question 39

Term used to denote and unpleasant and frightening dream that usually occurs in REM sleep. AKA dream anxiety attack

Answer 39

Nightmare

Question 40

A series of measurements to assess wakefulness in darkened room while in a semi reclined position. Long latencies to sleep are indicative of ability to remain awake. most useful for assessing the effects of medications upon the ability to remain awake.

Answer 40

Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)

Question 41

A series of measurements whereby subjects are allowed a fixed number of opportunities to fall asleep during their customary awake period. Excessive sleepiness is characterized by short latencies. long latencies are helpful in distinguishing physical tiredness or fatigue from true sleepiness.

Answer 41

Multiple Sleep Latency Test

Question 42

EEG and EOG tracings are obscured for more than half the scoring epoch because of movement. The preceding and succeeding opochs are in sleep.

Answer 42

Movement Time (MT)

Question 43

A body movement associated with an EEG pattern of arousal or a full awaking, a sleep scoring variable.

Answer 43

Movement Arousal

Question 44

The particular arrangement by which a number of derivations are displayed simultaneously in a polysomnogram

Answer 44

Montage

Question 45

Same as periodic limber Movement?

Answer 45

PMS or Periodic Movement of Sleep

Question 46

The number of sleep related periodic limb movements per hour of sleep that are associated with an EEG arousal.

Answer 46

PLM/Arousal index

Question 47

The number of periodic limb movements per hour of total sleep time

Answer 47

PLM Index

Question 48

The beginning of sleep by entrance directly into stage REM sleep. The onset of REM sleep occurs within 10 minutes of sleep onset.

Answer 48

Sleep Onset REM Period (SOREMP)

Question 49

The transition from awake to sleep

Answer 49

Sleep onset

Question 50

The duration of time measured from "lights out" or bedtime to the onset of sleep

Answer 50

Sleep Latency

Question 51

The proportion of sleep in the eqpisode potentially filled by sleep. The ratio of total sleep time to time in bed.

Answer 51

Sleep efficiency

Question 52

A form of theta rhythm that occurs during REM sleep and is characterized by a notched appearance in the waveform. Occurs in burst lasting up to 10 seconds in duration.

Answer 52

Sawtooth Wave

Question 53

The continuous & simultaneous recording of physiological variables during sleep that include three basic stage scoring parameters such as EEG, EOG, EMG; and EKG respiratory airflow, respiratory movements, limb movements, and other electrophysiological variables

Answer 53

PSG

Question 54

A function that expresses the frequency of eye movements per unit time during sleep stage REM

Answer 54

REM density

Question 55

A term used for describing NREM sleep in infants and animals when specific NREM sleep stages 1-4 cannot be determined

Answer 55

Quiet Sleep

Question 56

The interval from sleep onset to the first appearance of stage REM sleep in the sleep episode

Answer 56

REM Sleep Latency

Question 57

Lengthening and increase in frequency and density of REM sleep episodes which result in an increase in REM- sleep deprivation once the depriving influence is removed

Answer 57

REM sleep Rebound (Recovery)

Question 58

This term quantifies the number of apneas (obstructive, mixed, central) and hypopneas per hour of sleep time. Another name used is Apnea & Hypopnia Index (AHI)

Answer 58

Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI)

Question 59

Periodic Movement of Sleep (PMS) is also known as ?

Answer 59

Periodic Limb movement

Question 60

Immobility of the body that occurs in the transition from sleep to wakefulness which is a partial manifestation of REM sleep

Answer 60

Sleep paralysis

Question 61

The natural periodic cycle of penile erections that occur during sleep, typically associated with REM sleep; Consists of 4 phases: T-up, T-max, T-down, and t-zero. It is preferred term over NPT

Answer 61

Sleep Related Erections (SRE's)

Question 62

Somniloqui is also known as what?

Answer 62

Sleep Talking

Question 63

What stage of sleep does sleep talking normally occur? 1. REM 2. NREM 3. During transitory arousals from NREM 4. During Delta sleep A. 1 & 2 B. 1 & 3 C. 1, 3, 4 D. All of the above

Answer 63

B. 1 & 3 Sleep talking can occur during REM at which time it represents a motor break through of dream speech. Can occur in the course of transitory NREM sleep as well

Question 64

The clock hour relationship of the major sleep & wake episodes in the 24 hr cycle is known as?

Answer 64

Sleep-Wake Cycle

Question 65

The duration of the time from sleep onset to final awaking. It is comprised of the time taken up by wake periods and movement time until you wake up. AKA time in bed?

Answer 65

Total Recording Time (TRT)

Question 66

The amount of actual sleep time in a recording period equal to total recording time less total wake time. It includes total REM and NREM sleep in a sleep episode

Answer 66

Total Sleep Time (TST)

Question 67

The EEG pattern of newborns characterized by burst of slow waves, at times intermixed with sharp waves and intervening periods of relative quiescience with extreme low amplitude activity.

Answer 67

Trace Alternant