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pft quiz 3 > Pulmonary Function Test Review > Flashcards

Pulmonary Function Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for Oxygen Extraction?

A

(a-v)O2

Normal at rest is 5 vol%

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2
Q

What does O2 extraction represent?

A

Pulling of O2 from circulation to support cellular production of energy for muscle constraction

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3
Q

What will improve your O2 extraction? What makes it decline

A

endurance training; In a conditioned person the Max O2 delivery and VO2 rise because their cardiac output is higher; and vice versa; and with unconditioned everything lowers

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4
Q

What happens to your diffusion of O2 during exercise?

A

It can almost triple

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5
Q

What effect does increased CO have on perfusion, & pulmonary vascular pressure?

A

Increases both

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6
Q

What is VO2? What is normal value

A

O2 consumption

Resting VO2= 3.5 ml/kg/min which is 1 Met

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7
Q

What does exercise due to your VO2?

A

It increases directly with muscular work

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8
Q

What does Max VO2 depend on?

A

Genetics, conditioning, disease

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9
Q

What is a normal VO2 max predicted %

A

Greater than 84%

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10
Q

O2 consumption can be predicted from ______ _______.

A

Work Rate

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11
Q

What is VO2 peak defined as?

A

Where exercise is stopped below Maximal capacity for O2 due to another factor like dyspnea, pain, peripheral vascular disease

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12
Q

What is a normal CO2 production?

A

200 ml/min or 2.8 ml/ml/min/kg

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13
Q

Exhaled CO2 depends on?

A

Matching alveolar ventilation

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14
Q

Where is the Respiratory Exchange Ratio measurement obtained, what location?

A

The mouth

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15
Q

What is the formula for RER?

A

VCO2/VO2 or the ratio of CO2 molecules produced to O2 molecules consumed

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16
Q

The RER ratio normally equals what?

A

The RQ quotient

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17
Q

Where is the RQ quotient obtained?

A

At the tissue level

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18
Q

What is a normal value for RER & RQ?

A

200/250 ml min= 0.8

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19
Q

When might the RER & RQ values be different?

A

During short bursts of maximal exercise because tissue O2 consumption (RQ) and CO2 production exceed O2 uptake and CO2 elimination, this should happen in a short exercise burst like 100 yard dash

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20
Q

When exercise intensity increases what happens to the RER or RQ values?

A

They will increase as exercise increase, onset of anaerobic exercise will cause a further increase as bicarb reacts with lactic acid generates more CO2

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21
Q

Which measurement is not a direct measurement?
A. RER
B. RQ

A

B. RQ

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22
Q 
The act of pulling Oxygen from circulation to support cellular production of energy for muscle contraction is called?
A.  O2 diffusion
B.  O2 consumption
C.  O2 extraction
D.  Aerobic exercise
A

C. O2 extraction

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23
Q 
This measurement of O2 reflects work rate, it will increase directly with level of muscular work
A.  O2 delivery
B.  O2 diffusion
C.  O2 Extraction
D.  O2 Consumption
A

D. O2 consumption

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24
Q

When exercise is stopped below max capacity for O2 transport due to symptoms?

A

VO2 Peak

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25
Q

What is the normal level of VCO2?

A

200 ml/min or 2.8 ml/min/kg

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26
Q

When looking at your respiratory exchange ratio one level is an invasive measure & the other is not; Name the measurements for each?
A The invasive measurement is ?
B. The non invasive is?

A

A. Invasive measurement done at tissue level is RQ or respiratory quotient
B. Non invasive is RER or (R) which is obtained at mouth

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27
Q

What is a normal value for R?

A

0.8 ml/min

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28
Q

What is the formula for the RER?

A

VCO2/VO2

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29
Q

Which generates less CO2 per ATP molecule, fat metabolism or Carbohydrate metabolism?

A

Fat metabolism

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30
Q

In a steady state the lung’s O2 uptake equals the tissue’s O2 consumption rate and same with CO2 production & consumption which means the R = RQ, when would they not be the same?

A

Short bursts of maximal exercise because tissue O2 consumption and CO2 production exceed the lung’s uptake & elimination

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31
Q

T or F: Like RQ, R increases as exercise intensity increases, The onset of anaerobic metabolism increases R further

A

True

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32
Q

What is the critical level with RER where metabolic substrate changes to glucose?

A

1.0

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33
Q

During an exercise test in a lab a long distance conditioned runner has a PaCO2 of 40mmhg, R of 0.8, and MV of 6.5. After 5 minutes of running her values are VCO2 = 960 ml/min; VO2 1200 ml/min & Minute Ventilation of 33 L/min. What would happen to her CO2?
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay normal

A

C. Stay Normal; the increase in MV matched increase in CO2 production and VO2, so her increase in MV was in proportion to her increased metabolic demands
VCO2/VO2 =960/1200 = 0.8

34
Q 
Healthy individuals VE is usually less than?
A.  70%
B.  75%
C.  50%
D.  60%
A

A. 70%

35
Q

During aerobic metabolism _______, ______, and ________ provide major source of ATP synthesis?

A

Carbs, Fats, & proteins

36
Q

The major energy sources at maximal exercise is ______ metabolism?

A

Glucose metabolism

37
Q

What does anaerobic metabolism generate and what happens to it?

A

Lactic acid is generated, produces more CO2 adding to amount already produced by aerobic metabolism, this stimulates an increase in ventilation

38
Q

This evaluates respiratory response & depends on PaCO2 and dead space?

A

Minute Ventilation

39
Q 
During maximum exercise healthy people do not alter their \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Minute Ventilation
B.  O2 diffusion
C.  MVV
D.  Tidal Volumes
A

C. MVV

40
Q 
The MVV is a indicator of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Lung perfusion
B.  Lung diffusion
C.  Minute ventilation
D.  Muscle Strength
A

D. MVV is a indicator of muscle strength

41
Q

T or F: The slope of VO2 increase is about the same for all people unaffected by training, age, or gender?

A

True

42
Q

VO2 can be predicted by _____ ______.

A

Work rate

43
Q

T or F: Once the first half of your tolerable work load has been met (45% of Max VO2) SV will rise steeply

A

False; once the first half has been met the only way the heart can increase its output further is to increase rate of contraction

44
Q

During heavy exercise 80% of CO is diverted to where?

A

Skeletal muscle

45
Q

T or F: HR max can improve with improved fitness

A

False; It is age related and does not change with fitness

46
Q 
During HR max the conditioned athlete has a greater \_\_\_\_\_\_ and also a much higher cardiac output at HR max?
A.  SV
B.  FOC
C.  DLCO
D.  MV
A

A. Stroke volume is higher and therefore cardiac output is higher for the conditioned athlete at HR Max

47
Q

At HR max for the unconditioned person their maximum O2 delivery, Cardiac output, and VO2 are?
A. Increased
B. Decreased
C. Not affected

A

B. Decreased

48
Q 
Early in exercise what produces most of the increase in minute ventilation?
A.  Respiratory Rate
B.  Tidal Volume
C.  It does not increase
D.  Chemoreceptors
A

B. Tidal Volume

49
Q 
Once 60-70% of Min Vol is reached \_\_\_\_\_ is responsible for further increases in minute ventilation
A.  Respiratory Rate
B.  Vt
C.  chemoreceptors
D.  Baroreceptors
A

A. Respiratory Rate

50
Q 
An abrupt increase in ventilation at the onset of exercise appears to be in response to:
A.  Chemical changes in the body
B.  Humoral changes in the body
C.  Chemoreceptor reflex
D.  Anticipated future metabolic demand
A

D. Anticipated future metabolic demand

51
Q

During exercise the Vd/Vt _____ as exercise progresses.
A. Doesn’t change
B. Increases
C. Decreases

A

C. Dead space to tidal volume ratio decreases from normal values due to larger Vt and blood flow diversion to underperfused lung zones

52
Q

The point at which the VCO2 slope becomes steeper than VO2 slope is?

A

Anaerobic threshold

53
Q

T or F: Unhealthy individuals in a disease state will use less than 70% of ventilator capacity

A

False, only healthy use 70%

54
Q

T or F: Healthy individuals will alter their MVV during exercise to make their efforts more productive?

A

False, they will not alter their MVV

55
Q

What is the formula for breathing reserve?

A

MVV-VE max or VE/MVV %

56
Q

What is a normal value for Breathing reserve?

A

11

57
Q

T or F: Vd/Vt includes both anatomical and physiologic dead space

A

True

58
Q

A plateau happens when your Vt is 55% of _______.

A

Vital Capacity

59
Q

What is a normal RR in exercise for healthy individual?

A

40-50 bpm

60
Q

In a patient with COPD what would happen to their end exp lung volume & their IC?
A. Both would decrease
B. Both would increase
C. EELV will increase & IC will decrease
D. EELV will decrease & IC will increase

A

C. End Exp Lung volume will increase and the IC will decrease

61
Q

The portion of each breath not in contact with perfused alveoli is _______.

A

Vd/Vt

62
Q

What is a normal value for healthy person at rest & at max exertion?

A

Normal < 0.35 at rest

Max exertion < 0.25

63
Q

What is the formula for ratio of Vd/Vt?

A

PaCO2 - PeCO2/ PaCO2

64
Q

What type of information does PetCO2 and P(a-ET)CO2 provide?

A

Estimates PaCO2

65
Q

What is a normal resting value for the difference of (a-ET)CO2? & at max exertion? and with diseased lungs?

A

Resting = 2-3 mmHg
Max exertion = -4 mmHg
Diseased = > 10 mmHg

66
Q

What is a normal value of P(A-a)O2? at max exercise?

A

Normal = 10 mmHg

Max exercise = 20-30

67
Q

Define lactate Threshold?

A

The point where VCO2 & VE do not rise in proportion to VO2, once met VCO2 increases faster than VO2; can be found by the V-Slope method VCO2 vs VO2 plot

68
Q

What is the normal value of Lactate Threshold?

A

50-60%

69
Q

What is HR Max?

A

The max HR achieved prior to exhaustion; Calculated with 220 - age

70
Q

T or F: HR will increase linearly with decreased workload

A

False; it increases linearly with increased workload

71
Q

What 2 things can cause early onset of anaerobic threshold?

A

Deconditioning or cardiovascular problem

72
Q

What are the reserve values for HR & BR

A 
HR = 15
BR = 11
73
Q

A commonly accepted non invasive method for determining AT is?

A

V-Slope Method

74
Q

Soon after AT is met ____ begins to increase soon; Then after isocapnic buffering occurs _____ increases and metabolic acidosis drives MV further

A

Ve/VO2

Ve/VCO2

75
Q

T or F: CaO2 will not increase significantly from rest to max exercise

A

True

76
Q

Increased O2 delivery in healthy person relies entirely on _______.

A

Cardiac Output

77
Q

What is the relationship between HR and CO?
A. Inverse
B. Linear
C. Direct

A

B. Linear

78
Q

What is the formula for VO2?

A

SV X HR X C(a-v)O2 = VO2
Norm = 3.5 ml/kg/min or 1 met
or can use:
CO X C(a-v)O2

79
Q

This is a marker for the improved blood flow distribution and is a measure of heart’s efficiency in terms of O2 delivered or consumed?

A

O2 pulse

80
Q

What is the formula for O2 Pulse?

A

O2 Pulse= VO2/HR

81
Q

How can VO2 max be raised?

A

Increasing heart’s muscle mass, SV, and CO

82
Q

What is the purpose of the timed walk test?

A

Evaluates functional performance

pft quiz 3 (5 decks)

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