Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychosocial Conditions > Sleep-Wake Disorders & Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep-Wake Disorders & Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A

Insomnia Disorder

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Narcolepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders?

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

Central Sleep Apnea

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Parasomnias?

A

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders

Nightmare Disorder

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Restless Leg Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do Sleep-Wake Disorders/Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders commonly co-occur with?

A

Frequently co-occur with medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Insomnia Disorder?

A
  • Dissatisfaction with quality or amount of sleep
  • Difficulty falling asleep
  • Difficulty maintaining sleep (frequent waking)
  • Early morning waking
  • At least three nights a week
  • For at least three months
  • In spite of adequate opportunities for sleep
  • Distress or dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for Insomnia Disorder?

A

medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the comorbidities for Insomnia Disorder?

A

Anxiety disorders

Depression

Trauma-related disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the etiology for Insomnia Disorder?

A

Some genetic factors: strong heritability of insomnia in first degree relatives

Socioeconomical & Environmental risk factors (e.g. shift work)

Medical and psychiatric co-morbidities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the prognosis for Insomnia Disorder?

A

Self-limiting when situational issues are resolved

Treatment can be highly effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Hypersomnolence Disorder?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness in spite of at least seven hours sleep per night, including:

  • Lapses into sleep during the day
  • Nine or more hours of sleep that is not refreshing
  • Difficulty being completely awake after abrupt waking

At least three times a week for at least three months

Distress or dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the etiology of Hypersomnolence Disorder?

A

mostly sleep apnea or medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Narcolepsy?

A

Repeated intense need to sleep, falling asleep, or napping within the same day.

At least three times per week for at least three months

At least one of:

  • Cataplexy at least a few times per month:
  • Brief episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by sudden, strong emotions- laughing/ joking, fear, anger or excitement while remaining conscious
  • Spontaneous grimaces or global hypotonia

Hypocretin deficiency- regulate sleep and energy

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep less than 15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

sudden loss of muscle tone while a person is awake leads to weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control

often triggered by sudden, strong emotions such as laughter, fear, anger, stress, or excitement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hypocretin?

A

neurotransmitters produced in hypothalamus

deficiency in narcolepsy due to toxin exposure, gene mutation, immure system attacking the cells, high stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for Narcolepsy?

A

Other medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the etiology for Narcolepsy?

A

Major loss of orexin/hypocretin hypocretin neurons of the hypothalamus (neurons that prevent sleep), perhaps through some autoimmune mechanism

Environmental factors (e.g. flu a year prior, toxin)

Psychological stressors, esp. prior to puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prognosis for Narcolepsy?

A

Early diagnosis plays a significant role in outcome

Better outcomes in younger individuals

18
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea?

A

One of the following:

  • Polysomnography of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep with: Nighttime breathing disturbances like snoring or breathing pauses during sleep/ Daytime sleepiness or fatigue in spite of adequate opportunities for sleep
  • Or 15 or more episodes of apnea or hypopneas per hour of sleep without other symptoms
19
Q

What is the etiology for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea?

A

Facial structure (shape of jaw, nasal septum) & amount of upper airway soft tissues

Overweight or obesity

20
Q

What is the prognosis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea?

A

Treatment effective (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] most common) but often abandoned because of discomfort or cumbersome

21
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Central Sleep Apnea?

A
  • Polysomnographic evidence of 5 or more central apneas per hour of sleep
  • (no facial related obstruction)
  • brain doesn’t send proper signals to the muscles that control your breathing
22
Q

What is the etiology of Central Sleep Apnea?

A

Clinical situations that cause hypocapnia (reduced CO2 in the blood) and respiratory instability (e.g. heart failure, stroke, neurological diseases

Stays at high altitudes

23
Q

What is the prognosis for Central Sleep Apnea?

A

Depends on the cause; good if underlying cause treated

24
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A

Sleep disruption due to alteration of circadian system or a mismatch between the person’s rhythm and the requirements of the social or work environment

Excessive sleepiness or insomnia or both

Distress or dysfunction

25
Q

What is the etiology for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A
  • Degeneration or decreased neuronal activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons (melatonin)
  • Decreased responsiveness of the body’s internal clock to signals such as light and activity
  • Decreased exposure to bright light and structured social and physical activity during the day (Zee & Vitiello, 2009)
  • These may occur as a result of shift work or jet lag
26
Q

What is the prognosis for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A

Often improves over time

Sleep medication may be indicated for short-term use

27
Q

How many stages are in the sleep cycle?

A

4

28
Q

What is the type of sleep and duration of sleep stage 1?

A

type: NREM-Entering sleep, light
length: 1-7 minutes

29
Q

What is the type of sleep and duration of sleep stage 2?

A

type: NREM- Light sleep, heartbeat and breathing start to slow down, muscles start to relax
length: 10-60 mins

30
Q

What is the type of sleep and duration of sleep stage 3?

A

type: NREM- Deep sleep, more slow and relaxed
length: 20-40 mins

31
Q

What is the type of sleep and duration of sleep stage 4?

A

type: REM- Increase brain activity, increase heartrate & BP, dreams, muscles paralyzed
length: 10-60 mins

32
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Parasomnias?

A
  • Nightmare Disorder
  • Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal Disorder
  • Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
  • Restless Leg Syndrome
33
Q

What is nightmare disorder?

A

frequent troubling dreams that are well-remembered

34
Q

What is Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal Disorder?

A

sleep walking, sleep terrors

35
Q

What is Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder?

A

repeated periods of arousal during sleep with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors, occurring during REM sleep

36
Q

What is Restless Leg Syndrome?

A

Frequent urge to move the legs, with uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations during sleep, frequently in REM

37
Q

What are the implications for function for Sleep Disorders?

A
  • Performance affected in work, leisure, play, education, social participation due to daytime fatigue or excessive sleepiness
  • Skills affected include cognition (executive function, concentration, attention span), emotional regulation
  • Self esteem and confidence
38
Q

What treatments are used for Sleep Disorders?

A
  • Behavioral strategies with focus on sleep hygiene
  • Short or long term medication use
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine
  • Surgical options for obstructive sleep apnea
  • Treat medical conditions
39
Q

What are the implications for OT for Sleep Disorders that revolve around sleep hygiene?

A
  • Focus on habits/patterns
  • Establishing a calm bedtime routine
  • Using the bed only for sleep and sex
  • Avoiding naps if possible, or one nap not more than 30 mins
  • Avoiding vigorous exercise too close to bedtime
  • Minimize or avoid screen time 1 hour before bedtime
  • Making sure the bedroom is dark and a comfortable temperature for sleep
  • Minimize liquid in evening; urinate before bedtime
  • Daily exercise (safety!)
40
Q

What are the implications for OT for Sleep Disorders?

A
  • Focus on sleep hygiene
  • Strategies to improve circadian rhythm: Sunlight exposure in morning, Going to sleep and getting up at the same time each day
  • Mindfulness meditation if related to stress, worries & anxiety
  • Body positioning for comfort- Restless legs, Parkinson’s
  • Managing and routinely using CPAP
  • Work simplification/energy conservation to address fatigue until sleep improves
  • Childhood narcolepsy- parent education
  • Family education for safety- Sleep walking, act out dreams
41
Q

What are the cultural considerations for Sleep Disorders?

A

Cultures vary in sleep patterns and expectations

Important to understand cultural values in framing intervention

42
Q

What are the lifespan considerations for Sleep Disorders?

A
  • Some disorders (e.g. narcolepsy) may emerge in childhood
  • Early intervention can minimize duration and impact
  • In older adults, insomnia is very common
  • Need to use caution with medications in older adults due to risk of falls/injury

Psychosocial Conditions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions