Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychosocial Conditions > Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What disorders are categorized under Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders?

A
  • Delusional Disorder
  • Brief Psychotic Disorder
  • Schizophreniform Disorder
  • Schizophrenia
  • Catatonia
  • Schizoaffective Disorder
  • Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
  • Psychotic Disorder Due to another Medical Condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions severe in comparison to other psychiatric conditions?

A

Among the most disabling psychiatric conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are positive symptoms in terms of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?

A

the presence of symptoms

Hallucinations- distorted sensory experiences

Delusions- fixed belief that are not held by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are negative symptoms in terms of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?

A

the absence

Flat affect- lack of emotional expression or response

Anhedonia- lack of experience of pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the changes in the DSM5 for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?

A

Stronger requirement for presence of positive symptoms

Dimensional diagnostic system rating eight symptoms on a scale of severity- from 1 (least severe) to 4 (most severe)

Deletion of sub-categories of schizophrenia, such as paranoid and disorganized behavior.

Catatonia is now described as a symptom not a separate type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?

A

Presence of one or more delusions for at least a month

Absence of all the criteria required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

Must use caution to distinguish from accepted cultural beliefs/practices (e.g. spirit possession, visions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of delusions?

A

erotomanic

grandiose

jealous

somatic

persecutory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an erotomanic delusion?

A

the individual believes that he or she is loved by someone else, usually a prominent figure whom the individual does not actually know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a grandiose delusion?

A

a belief that the individual has some special, great characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a jealous delusion?

A

the individual is convinced that a spouse or lover is unfaithful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a somatic delusion?

A

a belief that the individual has some gross physical problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a persecutory delusion?

A

a belief that the individual is being conspired against (the most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the etiology of Delusional Disorder?

A

Neurocognitive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the prognosis for Delusional Disorder?

A

Chronic, with exacerbations and remissions

Appears best when somatic delusions are most evident, and worse in cases in which erotomanic or paranoid content is prevalent

Social impairment

Function typically unimpaired except related to delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment used for Delusional Disorder?

A

Antipsychotic medications (limited benefit)

Psychotherapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder?

A

One or more of the symptoms associated with psychosis:

  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized behavior
  • Lasting more than a day but less than a month
  • Often emerges in adolescence or early adulthood
  • May be a precursor to a more chronic psychotic disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder?

A

Substance-related disorders

Mood disorders

Personality disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the comorbidities of Brief Psychotic Disorder?

A

Medical conditions

Substance-related disorders

Personality disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

Duration one to six months

Two or more of the major signs of psychosis for a significant portion of at least one month

  • Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
  • Disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • Negative symptoms like diminished emotional expression or avolition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the etiology of Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

Genetics

Stress is a factor in exacerbations

Poor parenting and family dysfunction

Environmental factors, psychosocial stressors, such as maladjusted family relationships

Childhood trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the prognosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

Variable; may becomes schizophrenia (the diagnosis if symptoms last beyond six months)

If substance abuse related, resolving substance use resolves psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the implications for function for Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

When psychotic symptoms are present, function is severely impaired

Cognition is particularly impaired, with resultant deterioration of social and vocational roles

23
Q

What treatments are used for Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

Psychopharmacological

24
Q

What OT treatments are used for Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?

A

Monitor the effectiveness of medications (inpatient & outpatient)

Minimize damage to occupational status resulting from a period of severe disorder

25
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia?

A

Two or more signs of psychosis for a significant portion of at least one month

  • At least one: Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
  • And catatonic behavior, and/ or
  • Negative symptoms like diminished emotional expression or avolition

Functional limitations- self-care, work, interpersonal relations (differentiates from brief psychosis or schizophreniform disorder)

Signs of disturbance last at least six months, including prodromal and residual periods

26
Q

What characteristics may be seen in those with Schizophrenia?

A

Disorder of thought and perception

Loose association, incoherence, or excessively concrete or abstract thought

Perception and affect are also disturbed

Peculiar psychomotor behavior: Odd mannerisms, grimacing, hyperactivity, waxy rigidity

Onset in adolescence or early adulthood

27
Q

Within the DSM5 Is Catatonia a type of schizophrenia?

A

In DSM-5, a symptom, rather than a distinct type of schizophrenia

28
Q

What is the criteria for Catatonia?

A

3 of more of the following:

  • Catalepsy (passive induction of a posture against gravity, like an arm held in front of the face for long periods of time)
  • Waxy flexibility (resistance to being positioned by the therapist)
  • Mutism (absence of verbal response in the absence of aphasia)
  • Negativism (opposition to or failure to respond to instructions or stimuli)
  • Odd Mannerism or Grimacing
  • Stereotypy (repetitive, frequent, non-goal-directed movement)
  • Agitation
  • Echolalia (mimicking others’ speech)
  • Echopraxia (mimicking others’ movements)
29
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for Schizophrenia?

A

Bipolar disorder

30
Q

What are the comorbidities for Schizophrenia?

A

Depression

Bipolar disorder

Personality disorder

Substance abuse

31
Q

What is the etiology for Schizophrenia?

A

Genetics

Stress is a factor in exacerbations

Poor parenting and family dysfunction

Environmental factors: psychosocial stressors, such as maladjusted family relationships

Childhood trauma, TBI, many other factors considered

Found in lower SES, but may be because of functional limitations

32
Q

What is the prognosis for Schizophrenia?

A
  • Poor, but this is changing as better medications are identified
  • Stopping medications predicts relapse
  • Higher levels of negative symptoms and greater cognitive dysfunction have worse functional outcomes
  • Higher levels of education and briefer duration of untreated psychosis also predict better outcomes
  • Better premorbid function predicts better outcomes
  • High risk of suicide (10-13%)
33
Q

What are the phases of Schizophrenia?

A
  • prodromal phase
  • active phase
  • residual phase
34
Q

What is the Prodromal phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Function begins to deteriorate

Withdrawal from friends and family

Work, self-care, and avocational activities suffer

35
Q

What is the Active phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Delusions and hallucinations

Thought disorder, and other psychotic symptoms

Global functional deficits

This phase may occur spontaneously or as a result of stress.

Difficulty with work, social interaction, self-care, and leisure occupations.

Skills deficits in visual processing

Emotional identification

Communication skills, emotional regulation, and visual-motor perception

Processing speed and working memory are impaired

36
Q

What is the Residual phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Function continues to be below the highest level ever achieved

Continued flat affect, peculiar behavior, and functional difficulties in self-care, work, social spheres

In all phases, symptoms vary from individual to individual

37
Q

What psychotropic medications are used in the treatment of Schizophrenia?

A

Older antipsychotic medications effective in reducing positive symptoms, minimizing exacerbations

Newer, “atypical” medications have fewer side effects and show promise in treating negative symptoms.

38
Q

Why is medication adherence a problem for those with Schizophrenia?

A

because of cognitive deficits and unpleasant side effects

39
Q

What treatments are used for Schizophrenia?

A

Psychotropic medications

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Social supports (inpatient or community)

Psychotherapy

Art and other creative therapies

Behavior therapy (addresses cognition)

Family therapy

Close monitoring of physical health

40
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Schizophrenia?

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy in concert with medication

41
Q

Why would close monitoring of physical health be important for those with Schizophrenia?

A

Potential damage from medications

Inability to manage nutrition, physical activity, other health promotion strategies

High risk of cardiovascular and other health problems

42
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder?

A
  • Symptoms of schizophrenia, with at least one period of illness during with a major episode of depression or mania
  • Delusions or hallucinations must be present for two or more weeks without a major mood episode at some point during the illness
  • Mood episodes must be present for the majority of the duration of the illness.
43
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for Schizoaffective Disorder?

A

Other psychotic disorders

Mood disorders

Substance-related disorders

44
Q

What are the comorbidities for Schizoaffective Disorder?

A

Substance-related disorders

45
Q

What is the etiology for Schizoaffective Disorder?

A

Genetic

Advanced parental age at birth

Preterm birth

46
Q

What is the prognosis for Schizoaffective Disorder?

A

Chronic

Prognosis is better than that of schizophrenia and worse than mood disorders (major depressive or bipolar)

47
Q

What are the implications for OT for Schizophrenia & Schizoaffective Disorder?

A

Need to find meaning/purpose in life

Must be comprehensive, with particular emphasis on occupational engagement

  • Motor and praxis
  • Sensory perceptual
  • Visual-spatial and visual-motor coordination
  • Cognitive intervention
  • Communication and social skills
  • Performance areas: self-care, leisure, and work

Reintegration into the community is an important emphasis for OT

48
Q

What are the implications for OT for solely Schizophrenia?

A

Activities/IADLs training- Medication management, time & budget management

Vocational assessment and work skills training

  • Work as an activity is clearly important as an intervention and as an outcome
  • Match job demands to the skills of the individual

Remediating skill deficits through education, behavioral, or sensorimotor approaches

“Life skills” training

Strengths as well as weaknesses should be incorporated into treatment

Educate families/employers

Sex education (can work with social work) for adolescents and young adults

Advocacy regarding public policy

49
Q

How common is Substance/Medication Induced Psychosis?

A

Between 7 and 25% of individuals presenting with psychosis have a substance-induced condition

50
Q

How severe is Substance/Medication Induced Psychosis?

A

Severity and persistence of substance-induced psychosis vary

51
Q

What are the cultural considerations for Psychotic Disorders?

A

In some cultures, hallucinations, delusions might be part of culturally sanctioned rituals

E.g. Latino cultures- religious belief: “hearing God’s voice”. Western culture- pathological delusion/ hallucination

52
Q

How do health disparities in the U.S. affect those with Psychotic Disorders?

A

Evidence of over diagnosis of schizophrenia among African-Americans

Inaccurate and effective treatment

Stigma

53
Q

How might Psychotic Disorder onset in adolescence or young adulthood affect the lifespan?

A

individuals may miss developmental accomplishments in education, work, leisure, and social participation

54
Q

What are the lifespan considerations for older adults?

A

Older adults typically have endured an extended illness.

In later life, neurological components of the disorder may be prominent

Individual may have significantly lowered energy and motivation

There may be significant and permanent deficits associated with long-term antipsychotic medication use

Psychosocial Conditions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions