Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What disorders are categorized under Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders?
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Catatonia
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
- Psychotic Disorder Due to another Medical Condition
Are Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions severe in comparison to other psychiatric conditions?
Among the most disabling psychiatric conditions
What are positive symptoms in terms of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?
the presence of symptoms
Hallucinations- distorted sensory experiences
Delusions- fixed belief that are not held by others
What are negative symptoms in terms of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?
the absence
Flat affect- lack of emotional expression or response
Anhedonia- lack of experience of pleasure
What were the changes in the DSM5 for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?
Stronger requirement for presence of positive symptoms
Dimensional diagnostic system rating eight symptoms on a scale of severity- from 1 (least severe) to 4 (most severe)
Deletion of sub-categories of schizophrenia, such as paranoid and disorganized behavior.
Catatonia is now described as a symptom not a separate type
What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Conditions?
Presence of one or more delusions for at least a month
Absence of all the criteria required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Must use caution to distinguish from accepted cultural beliefs/practices (e.g. spirit possession, visions)
What are the types of delusions?
erotomanic
grandiose
jealous
somatic
persecutory
What is an erotomanic delusion?
the individual believes that he or she is loved by someone else, usually a prominent figure whom the individual does not actually know
What is a grandiose delusion?
a belief that the individual has some special, great characteristic
What is a jealous delusion?
the individual is convinced that a spouse or lover is unfaithful
What is a somatic delusion?
a belief that the individual has some gross physical problem
What is a persecutory delusion?
a belief that the individual is being conspired against (the most common)
What is the etiology of Delusional Disorder?
Neurocognitive disorder
What is the prognosis for Delusional Disorder?
Chronic, with exacerbations and remissions
Appears best when somatic delusions are most evident, and worse in cases in which erotomanic or paranoid content is prevalent
Social impairment
Function typically unimpaired except related to delusions
What is the treatment used for Delusional Disorder?
Antipsychotic medications (limited benefit)
Psychotherapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
What is the diagnostic criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder?
One or more of the symptoms associated with psychosis:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized behavior
- Lasting more than a day but less than a month
- Often emerges in adolescence or early adulthood
- May be a precursor to a more chronic psychotic disorder
What is the differential diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Substance-related disorders
Mood disorders
Personality disorders
What is the comorbidities of Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Medical conditions
Substance-related disorders
Personality disorders
What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder?
Duration one to six months
Two or more of the major signs of psychosis for a significant portion of at least one month
- Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
- Disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms like diminished emotional expression or avolition
What is the etiology of Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?
Genetics
Stress is a factor in exacerbations
Poor parenting and family dysfunction
Environmental factors, psychosocial stressors, such as maladjusted family relationships
Childhood trauma
What is the prognosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder & Schizophreniform Disorder?
Variable; may becomes schizophrenia (the diagnosis if symptoms last beyond six months)
If substance abuse related, resolving substance use resolves psychosis